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Table 1 Number of deaths from ill-defined conditions (D) and share of ASMR from ill-defined conditions on all-cause ASMR (in %) by country, sex and educational level, 30–79 years

From: Socioeconomic differences in the use of ill-defined causes of death in 16 European countries

Country

Men

Women

Low education

Mid education

High education

P-valuea

Low education

Mid education

High education

P-valuea

D

%

D

%

D

%

D

%

D

%

D

%

Finland

308

0.7

221

0.8

108

0.8

0.822

161

0.8

99

0.8

82

1.2

0.071

Sweden

879

1.6

733

1.6

224

1.6

0.779

669

1.3

371

1.3

123

1.4

0.655

Norway

808

4.2

983

4.4

285

4.8

0.211

553

2.9

454

3.3

101

3.6

0.058

Denmark

1,530

3.9

944

3.4

282

3.2

0.000

1,273

3.1

405

3.1

157

3.0

0.928

England & Wales

16

0.4

*

0.1

0

0.0

0.000

21

0.4

*

0.1

*

1.0

0.071

Netherlands

120

4.0

102

4.6

55

5.1

0.218

107

4.1

47

4.9

14

3.7

0.597

Belgium

767

2.0

156

1.7

107

1.6

0.038

545

1.9

91

1.8

58

1.8

0.820

France

202

4.5

118

4.7

36

6.9

0.121

123

4.1

37

4.2

11

5.0

0.835

Switzerland

528

3.5

1,074

3.8

498

5.0

0.000

566

3.1

538

3.3

114

5.2

0.000

Austria

21

0.3

24

0.2

*

0.1

0.571

42

0.3

16

0.3

*

0.2

0.789

Spain

1,463

2.5

292

2.4

268

2.5

0.753

863

2.3

99

2.2

75

2.0

0.427

Italy

99

0.8

28

0.8

28

1.9

0.017

77

0.8

18

0.9

*

0.4

0.198

Hungary

100

0.1

35

0.1

*

0.0

0.000

51

0.1

10

0.0

*

0.0

0.096

Czech Republic

1036

0.7

159

0.5

69

0.6

0.012

540

0.5

83

0.4

27

0.8

0.109

Poland

13,532

7.8

13,461

5.7

1,113

4.9

0.000

7,210

4.7

3,476

3.7

387

4.0

0.000

Estonia

350

2.1

306

1.9

44

1.4

0.017

199

1.2

104

1.1

11

0.7

0.208

  1. aChi-square test for the difference across educational groups in the share of ASMR from ill-defined conditions on all-cause ASMR.
  2. *D < = 5; Although we cannot present numbers smaller than 5 in the table, we did use them in the analysis.