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Table 3 Adjusted ratios (95% CI) of outcome risk factor* variables by area of residence for women

From: A cross-sectional study of geographic differences in health risk factors among young Australian adults: The role of socioeconomic position

 

Metropolitana

Non-metropolitan

  

Model adjusted for age

Model adjusted for age and individual SEP factors

Model adjusted for age, individual SEP factors and area-level disadvantage

 

Mean (n or SD)

Mean (n or SD)

Ratio (95% CI)

Ratio (95% CI)

Ratio (95% CI)

Smoking status (n = 1418)

 Never

54.1% (558)

56.6% (219)

   

 Ex-smoker

26.0% (268)

18.9% (73)

0.71 (0.56, 0.89)

0.63 (0.50, 0.80) c

0.62 (0.49, 0.79)

 Current smoker

19.9% (205)

24.5% (95)

1.25 (1.01, 1.54)

1.23 (1.00, 1.52) c

1.14 (0.92, 1.40)

Alcohol consumption (n = 1400)

 None

18.0% (183)

24.4% (94)

   

 20 gm/day or less

75.5% (766)

70.7% (272)

0.94 (0.87, 1.01)

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)c

1.04 (0.97, 1.13)

 More than 20 gm/day

6.5% (66)

4.9% (19)

0.75 (0.45, 1.23)

0.90 (0.53, 1.54)c

0.95 (0.55, 1.64)

BMI (n = 1387)

 Not overweight

65.5% (670)

53.3% (194)

   

 Overweight

23.1% (236)

26.4% (96)

1.12 (0.91, 1.38)

1.03 (0.83, 1.28)d

1.07 (0.85, 1.34)

 Obese

11.4% (117)

20.3% (74)

1.75 (1.33, 2.28)

1.59 (1.20, 2.11) d

1.46 (1.08, 1.96)

Physical Activity (mins/week) (n = 1349)

 Occupational

  No activity

58.4% (573)

51.5% (189)

   

  Some activity

41.6% (409)

48.5% (178)

1.18 (1.04, 1.34)

1.26 (1.11, 1.43) c

1.23 (1.07, 1.40)

  Of those with some activity (n = 587)b

261.9 (303.7)

228.4 (265.5)

0.86 (0.68, 1.04)

0.88 (0.69, 1.06)c

0.82 (0.64, 1.00)

 Domesticb

187.1 (246.6)

311.2 (314.4)

1.61 (1.39, 1.82)

1.22 (1.06, 1.38) c

1.16 (1.00, 1.33)

 Active Commutingb

44.7 (96.5)

24.2 (62.1)

0.56 (0.39, 0.73)

0.62 (0.43, 0.81) c

0.62 (0.42, 0.81)

 Leisure timeb

96.0 (155.0)

63.2 (114.0)

0.67 (0.52, 0.81)

0.79 (0.62, 0.97) c

0.84 (0.66, 1.03)

Steps per day (n = 1068)b

8543.7 (2975.8)

8506.4 (2996.8)

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.99 (0.95, 1.04)c

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

Dietary guideline met (n = 1344)

  Less than 2 guidelines

28.2% (275)

38.1% (141)

   

  2 or more guidelines (up to 5)

71.8% (699)

61.9% (229)

0.86 (0.79, 0.94)

0.88 (0.81, 0.96) e

0.91 (0.83, 0.99)

Depression (n = 1056)

  Negative

89.4% (739)

86.9% (199)

   

  Positive

10.6% (88)

13.1% (30)

1.23 (0.83, 1.81)

1.14 (0.76, 1.71)c

1.06 (0.70, 1.61)

Anxiety (n = 1056)

  Negative

87.2% (721)

86.9% (199)

   

  Positive

12.8% (106)

13.1% (30)

1.02 (0.70, 1.49)

1.01 (0.68, 1.49)c

0.98 (0.65, 1.48)

  1. CI: confidence interval; ref: referent; BMI: body mass index.
  2. All bolded values are statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
  3. *Sample sizes vary due to missing data for outcome variables (range 1,418 to 1,056).
  4. aMetropolitan is the reference category.
  5. bData is summarised as mean (SD) and as ratios of means (95% CI).
  6. cAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation, marital status, employment status, number of children.
  7. dAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation, employment status, number of children.
  8. eAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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