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Table 3 Factors associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure among school children in Wakiso District, Uganda

From: Blood pressure in primary school children in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey

Variable

 

Mean (SD)

Mean difference (95% CI)

P

Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)b

P

Systolic blood pressure

     

Age

  

3.24 (2.73, 3.75)

<0.001

3.14 (2.63, 3.65)

<0.001

Gender

Male

115.9 (12.5)

reference

 

reference

 
 

Female

117.7 (12.3)

1.79 (-0.28, 3.87)

0.09

1.81 (0.01, 3.61)

0.05

BMI Z score

  

3.29 (2.14, 4.43)c

<0.001

2.78 (1.74, 3.83)c

<0.001

Family history of high blood pressure

None

116.5 (12.7)

reference

0.13

reference

0.97

Any

118.0 (11.9)

1.49 (-0.76, 3.75)

 

0.25 (-1.71, 2.21)

 

Not known

114.2 (11.2)

-2.34 (-6.01, 1.34)

 

-0.01 (-3.19, 3.18)

 

Cigarette smoke exposure

Unexposed

117.4 (12.2)

reference

 

reference

 

Exposed

114.7 (12.6)

-2.68 (-5.22, -0.13)

0.04

-1.03 (-3.25, 1.18)

0.36

Rural or urban school

Rural

116.8 (10.8)

reference

   

Urban

117.0 (13.1)

0.22 (-1.98, 2.42)

0.84

  

Malariaa

Uninfected

119.1 (12.0)

reference

 

reference

 
 

Infected

113.7 (1.06)

-5.40 (-8.37, -2.43)

<0.001

-3.79 (-6.31, -1.27)

0.003

Schistosoma mansoni a

Uninfected

117.8 (11.8)

reference

   

Infected

115.8 (13.3)

-2.05 (-7.91, 3.80)

0.49

  

Soil transmitted helminthsa

Uninfected

117.4 (12.0)

reference

   

Infected

120.0 (10.6)

2.52 (-2.00, 7.04)

0.27

  

Diastolic blood pressure

     

Age

  

1.53 (1.14, 1.91)

<0.001

1.48 (1.10, 1.85)

<0.001

Gender

Male

67.6 (8.9)

reference

 

reference

 
 

Female

68.3 (8.5)

0.73 (-0.74, 2.19)

0.33

0.86 (-0.50, 2.23)

0.22

BMI Z score

  

1.56 (0.73, 2.38)

<0.001

1.64 (0.85, 2.43)

<0.001

Family history of high blood pressure

None

67.5 (9.2)

reference

0.20

  

Any

68.8 (8.1)

1.39 (-0.20, 2.98)

   

Not known

67.3 (7.3)

-0.14 (-2.74, 2.45)

   

Cigarette smoke exposure

Unexposed

68.0 (8.5)

reference

   

Exposed

67.6 (9.1)

-0.39 (-2.18, 1.40)

0.67

  

Rural or urban school

Rural

69.8 (7.8)

reference

 

reference

 

Urban

67.1 (9.0)

-2.73 (-4.26, -1.20)

<0.001

-3.08 (-4.54, -1.62)

<0.001

Malariaa

Uninfected

69.8 (8.7)

reference

 

reference

 
 

Infected

66.9 (8.2)

-2.93 (-5.11, -0.74)

0.009

-2.84 (-4.97, -0.72)

0.009

Schistosoma mansoni a

Uninfected

69.3 (8.6)

reference

   

Infected

67.8 (9.7)

-1.52 (-5.78, 2.75)

0.48

  

Soil transmitted helminthsa

Uninfected

69.1 (8.8)

reference

   

Infected

70.9 (6.9)

1.80 (-1.49, 5.09)

0.28

  
  1. aMalaria, Schistosoma mansoni and soil transmitted helminths infection status were ascertained for a randomly selected sample of 20 children per class in the urban schools; bFor associations with systolic blood pressure, mean differences for age, gender, BMI and cigarette smoke exposure were adjusted for each other but not for malaria; mean difference for malaria was adjusted for age, gender, BMI and cigarette smoke exposure. For associations with diastolic blood pressure, mean differences for age, gender, BMI and rural/urban school were adjusted for each other but not for malaria; mean difference for malaria was adjusted for age, gender, BMI and rural/urban school; cBMI Z score was analysed as a continuous covariate.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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