TY - JOUR AU - Steinberg, L. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why? JO - Ann N Y Acad Sci VL - 1021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.005 DO - 10.1196/annals.1308.005 ID - Steinberg2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Odejide, A. O. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Status of drug use/abuse in Africa: a review JO - Int J Ment Health Addict VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-006-9015-y DO - 10.1007/s11469-006-9015-y ID - Odejide2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Palen, L. -. A. AU - Smith, E. A. AU - Flisher, A. J. AU - Caldwell, L. L. AU - Mpofu, E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Substance use and sexual risk behavior among South African eighth grade students JO - J Adolesc Health VL - 39 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.016 DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.016 ID - Palen2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oshodi, O. Y. AU - Aina, O. F. AU - Onajole, A. T. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors JO - Afr J Psychiatr VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v13i1.53430 DO - 10.4314/ajpsy.v13i1.53430 ID - Oshodi2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Atwoli, L. AU - Mungla, P. A. AU - Ndung’u, M. N. AU - Kinoti, K. C. AU - Ogot, E. M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Prevalence of substance use among college students in Eldoret, western Kenya JO - BMC Psychiatry VL - 11 ID - Atwoli2011 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Kebede, Y. AU - Abula, T. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Substance Abuse For the Ethiopian Health Center Team PB - Ethiopian Public Health training Initiative CY - Addis Ababa ID - Kebede2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Volkow, N. D. AU - Li, T. K. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Drugs and alcohol: treating and preventing abuse, addiction and their medical consequences JO - Pharmacol Ther VL - 108 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.021 DO - 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.021 ID - Volkow2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bond, L. AU - Toumbourou, J. AU - Thomas, L. AU - Catalano, R. AU - Patton, G. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Individual, family, school, and community risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents: a comparison of risk profiles for substance use and depressive symptoms JO - Prev Sci VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-005-3407-2 DO - 10.1007/s11121-005-3407-2 ID - Bond2005 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - WHO Global alcohol report: Action needed to reduce health impact of harmful alcohol use ID - ref9 ER - TY - JOUR PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - American congress of obstetricians and gynecologistsn committee opinion No 422 at-risk drinking and illicit drug use: ethical issues in obstetric and gynecologic practice JO - Obstet Gynecol VL - 112 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318192499b DO - 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318192499b ID - ref10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bukstein, O. G. AU - Bernet, W. AU - Arnold, V. AU - Beitchman, J. AU - Shaw, J. AU - Benson, R. S. AU - Kinlan, J. AU - McClellan, J. AU - Stock, S. AU - Ptakowski, K. K. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with substance use disorders JO - J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry VL - 44 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000159135.33706.37 DO - 10.1097/01.chi.0000159135.33706.37 ID - Bukstein2005 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Ethiopian Alcohol Consumptions Report Geneva ID - ref12 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Negussie, B. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Substance use among high school students in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia JO - Harar Bull Health Sci VL - 4 ID - Negussie2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Damena, T. AU - Mossie, A. AU - Tesfaye, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Khat chewing and mental distress: a community based study, in jimma city, southwestern ethiopia JO - Ethiop J Health Sci VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v21i1.69042 DO - 10.4314/ejhs.v21i1.69042 ID - Damena2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feyissa, A. M. AU - Kelly, J. P. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - A review of the neuropharmacological properties of khat JO - Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry VL - 32 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.12.033 DO - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.12.033 ID - Feyissa2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gebissa, E. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Scourge of life or an economic lifeline? public discourses on Khat (Catha edulis) in Ethiopia JO - Subst Use Misuse VL - 43 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080701738950 DO - 10.1080/10826080701738950 ID - Gebissa2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beckerleg, S. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Khat special edition introduction JO - Subst Use Misuse VL - 43 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080701739057 DO - 10.1080/10826080701739057 ID - Beckerleg2008 ER - TY - STD TI - Prevalence and Predictors of Chat Chewing Among School Going Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study, Eastern Ethiopia, 2010. 22nd Annual Ethiopian Public Health Association Conference. Edited by: Moges A, Biadglign S, Yazew B. 2011, Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Public Health Association(EPHA) ID - ref18 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tonstad, S. AU - Johnston, J. A. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Cardiovascular risks associated with smoking: a review for clinicians JO - Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000214609.06738.62 DO - 10.1097/01.hjr.0000214609.06738.62 ID - Tonstad2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Asaria, P. AU - Chisholm, D. AU - Mathers, C. AU - Ezzati, M. AU - Beaglehole, R. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Chronic disease prevention: health effects and financial costs of strategies to reduce salt intake and control tobacco use JO - Lancet VL - 370 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61698-5 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61698-5 ID - Asaria2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abdullah, A. S. AU - Husten, C. G. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Promotion of smoking cessation in developing countries: a framework for urgent public health interventions JO - Thorax VL - 59 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2003.018820 DO - 10.1136/thx.2003.018820 ID - Abdullah2004 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Siziya, S. AU - Rudatsikira, E. AU - Muula, A. AU - Ntata, P. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Predictors of cigarette smoking among adolescents in rural Zambia: results from a cross sectional study from Chongwe district ID - Siziya2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kwamanga, D. H. AU - Odhiambo, J. A. AU - Amukoye, E. I. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Prevalence and risk factors of smoking among secondary school students in Nairobi JO - East Afr Med J VL - 80 ID - Kwamanga2003 ER - TY - STD TI - Determinant of Tobaco Use among School Adolescents in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross - Sectional Study,2010. 22nd Ethiopian Public Health Association Conference. Edited by: Reda A. 2011, Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Public Health Association(EPHA) ID - ref24 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - A Report On Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Conducted in Secondary Schools in Addis Ababa-Ethiopia PB - Drug Administration and Control Authority CY - Addis Ababa ID - ref25 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sawair, F. A. AU - Al-Mutwakel, A. AU - Al-Eryani, K. AU - Al-Surhy, A. AU - Maruyama, S. AU - Cheng, J. AU - Al-Sharabi, A. AU - Saku, T. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - High relative frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yemen: qat and tobacco chewing as its aetiological background JO - Int J Environ Health Res VL - 17 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09603120701254813 DO - 10.1080/09603120701254813 ID - Sawair2007 ER - TY - CHAP PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration BT - To Live To See the Great Day That Dawns: Preventing Suicide by American Indian and Alaska Native Youth and Young Adults ID - ref27 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oman, R. F. AU - Vesely, S. AU - Aspy, C. B. AU - McLeroy, K. R. AU - Rodine, S. AU - Marshall, L. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - The potential protective effect of youth assets on adolescent alcohol and drug use JO - Am J Public Health VL - 94 UR - https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.8.1425 DO - 10.2105/AJPH.94.8.1425 ID - Oman2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gavin, L. E. AU - Catalano, R. F. AU - Markham, C. M. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Positive youth development as a strategy to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health JO - J Adolesc Health VL - 46 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.017 DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.017 ID - Gavin2010 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bernard, B. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - What We Have Learned PB - West Ed CY - San Francisco ID - Bernard2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murphey, D. A. AU - Lamonda, K. H. AU - Carney, J. K. AU - Duncan, P. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Relationships of a brief measure of youth assets to health-promoting and risk behaviors JO - J Adolesc Health VL - 34 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00280-5 DO - 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00280-5 ID - Murphey2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pennings, E. J. M. AU - Opperhuizen, A. AU - van Amsterdam, J. G. C. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Risk assessment of khat use in the Netherlands: a review based on adverse health effects, prevalence, criminal involvement and public order JO - Regul Toxicol Pharmacol VL - 52 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.005 DO - 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.005 ID - Pennings2008 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Snyder, L. AU - Fleming-Milici, F. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Disentangling the Influence of Peer and Parental Norms, Attitudes, and Outcome Expectancies on Youth Drinking Behavior: A National Longitudinal Study BT - Annual meeting of the International Communication Association PB - Sheraton New York CY - New York City, NY ID - Snyder2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rudatsikira, E. AU - Abdo, A. AU - Muula, A. S. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia JO - BMC Public Health VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-176 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-7-176 ID - Rudatsikira2007 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - 2010 National statistics Abstract: Population size by sex, area and density by region and woreda estimated for the year 2011 ID - ref35 ER - TY - STD TI - Prevalence of Substance Use and its determinants among high school students in Addis Ababa. 22nd Annual Ethiopian Public Health Association Conference on the theme “alcohol, tobaco and substance abuse”. Edited by: Teshome D. 2011, Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Public Health Association(EPHA) ID - ref36 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deressa, W. AU - Azazh, A. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Substance use and its predictors among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia JO - BMC Public Health VL - 11 ID - Deressa2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hamdulay, A. K. AU - Mash, R. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - The prevalence of substance use and its associations amongst students attending high school in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town JO - S Afr Fam Pract VL - 53 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2011.10874065 DO - 10.1080/20786204.2011.10874065 ID - Hamdulay2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ageely, H. M. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Prevalence of Khat chewing in college and secondary (high) school students of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia JO - Harm Reduct J VL - 6 ID - Ageely2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vieira, P. C. AU - Aerts, D. R. AU - Freddo, S. L. AU - Bittencourt, A. AU - Monteiro, L. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - [Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use by teenage students in a city in Southern Brazil] JO - Cad Saude Publica VL - 24 UR - https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008001100004 DO - 10.1590/S0102-311X2008001100004 ID - Vieira2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Corona, R. AU - Turf, E. AU - Corneille, M. A. AU - Belgrave, F. Z. AU - Nasim, A. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Risk and protective factors for tobacco use among 8th- and 10th-grade African American students in Virginia JO - Prev Chron Dis VL - 6 ID - Corona2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beyers, J. M. AU - Toumbourou, J. W. AU - Catalano, R. F. AU - Arthur, M. W. AU - Hawkins, J. D. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: the United States and Australia JO - J Adolesc Health VL - 35 ID - Beyers2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sale, E. AU - Sambrano, S. AU - Springer, J. F. AU - Turner, C. W. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Risk, protection, and substance use in adolescents: a multi-site model JO - J Drug Educ VL - 33 UR - https://doi.org/10.2190/LFJ0-ER64-1FVY-PA7L DO - 10.2190/LFJ0-ER64-1FVY-PA7L ID - Sale2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hemphill, S. A. AU - Heerde, J. A. AU - Herrenkohl, T. I. AU - Patton, G. C. AU - Toumbourou, J. W. AU - Catalano, R. F. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use in Washington State, the United States and Victoria, Australia: a longitudinal study JO - J Adolesc Health VL - 49 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.017 DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.017 ID - Hemphill2011 ER - TY - STD TI - The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/1186/prepub UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/1186/prepub ID - ref45 ER -