From: The relationship between healthy behaviors and health outcomes among older adults in Russia
Characteristics | Total | Males | Females | χ2 | t | p | Missing values | Missing values | Missing values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 3938 | n = 1404 | n = 2534 |  |  |  | Total | Males | Female | |
Age (years; mean (SD)) | 65.067(10.18) | 63.786(9.83) | 65.778(10.31) | Â | 84.15 | 0.001 | 585 | 309 | 276 |
Urban (yes) (unadjusted) | 75.43%(75.43%) | 72.20%(72.20%) | 77.41%(77.41%) | 15.57 |  | ≤0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Marital status (single) (unadjusted) | 43.99%(38.3%) | 19.74%(16.18%) | 57.43%(51.78%) | 520.28 |  | ≤0.001 | 585 | 309 | 276 |
Education (years;mean(SD)) | 11.054(3.71) | 11.319(3.59) | 10.905(3.77) | Â | 53.19 | 0.001 | 724 | 350 | 374 |
Ethnicity (Russian) (unadjusted) | 80.17%(65.94%) | 75.45%(58.7%) | 82.80%(70.35%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | 802(overall ethnicity) | 380(overall ethnicity) | 422(overall ethnicity) |
Ethnicity (Belorussian/Ukranian) (unadjusted) | 1.80%(1.48%) | 1.73%(1.34%) | 1.85%(1.57%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | - | - | - |
Ethnicity (Caucasus) (unadjusted) | 12.14%(9.98%) | 16.29%(12.68%) | 9.82%(8.34%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | - | - | - |
Ethnicity (Volga region) (unadjusted) | 3.61%(2.97%) | 3.83%(2.98%) | 3.48%(2.96%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | - | - | - |
Ethnicity (Middle Asia) (unadjusted) | 0.59%(0.49%) | 0.60%(0.47%) | 0.59%(0.5%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | - | - | - |
Ethnicity (Altaians/Buryats/Kalmyks) (unadjusted) | 1.08%(0.89%) | 0.90%(0.7%) | 1.17%(1%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | - | - | - |
Ethnicity (Others) (unadjusted) | 0.62%(0.5%) | 1.20%(0.93%) | 0.29%(0.25%) | 47.61 |  | ≤0.001 | - | - | - |
Working status (Working) (unadjusted) | 32.78%(28.22%) | 40.17%(32.83%) | 28.63%(25.41%) | 54.1 |  | ≤0.001 | 629 | 313 | 316 |
Current smoker (yes) (unadjusted) | 20.25%(15.38%) | 55.12%(33.35%) | 5.18%(4.42%) | 1100 |  | ≤0.001 | 1086 | 676 | 410 |
Below alcohol norm for males (yes) (unadjusted) | 97.40%(78.62%) | 97.40%(78.62%) | - | - | Â | - | 330 | 330 | - |
Below alcohol norm for females (yes) (unadjusted) | 99.60%(88.74%) | - | 99.60%(88.74%) | - | Â | - | 306 | - | 306 |
Physically active (yes) (unadjusted) | 65.27%(64.79%) | 61.14%(60.69%) | 67.79%(67.28%) | 20.61 |  | ≤0.001 | 29 | 11 | 18 |
Sufficient fruits and vegetables consumption (yes) (unadjusted) | 22.74%(15.85%) | 21.79%(13.96%) | 23.25%(17%) | 0.8661 | Â | 0.352 | 1369 | 615 | 754 |
Self-reported health (mean; (SD)) | 3.173(0.67) | 3.057(0.69) | 3.237(0.66) |  | 73.45 | ≤0.001 | 599 | 315 | 284 |