Risk behaviors and sports facilities do not explain socioeconomic differences in childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Sample size, characteristics of study subjects and sports facilities per 1,000 population according to indicators of socioeconomic environment ^a

Sample size (n), characteristics of study subjects and sports facilities per 1,000 population	Per capita income^b					Percentage of population with university education^b
	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	p*	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	p*
n	195	157	187	188		182	178	177	190
Obesity (%)	8.2	8.3	3.8	2.1	<0.01	8.3	8.4	3.4	2.1	<0.01
Overweight (%)	27.0	33.8	30.1	16.5	<0.05	29.4	34.8	23.0	19.4	<0.01
Mean age (years)	11.0	10.6	11.0	10.9	0.535	11.0	10.8	10.6	11.1	0.265
Girls (%)	49.7	44.9	38.3	48.7	0.522	45.9	45.0	43.6	47.4	0.832
Low educational level^c (%)	60.0	46.2	39.5	23.0	<0.001	64.2	40.7	42.6	22.5	<0.001
Manual occupation^c (%)	60.6	51.6	42.9	22.4	<0.001	64.2	45.9	44.3	23.8	<0.001
Physical inactivity (%)	15.4	18.5	10.6	11.9	0.075	16.2	15.6	11.2	12.2	0.138
Low intake of vegetables/fruits (%)	44.3	46.2	34.4	34.8	<0.05	45.8	41.3	33.1	38.6	0.073
No complete breakfast (%)	86.8	85.4	91.5	84.1	0.839	87.3	88.3	87.7	84.9	0.469
Sports facilities/1000 pop.	1.6	1.1	1.6	3.0	<0.001	1.6	1.4	1.4	2.9	<0.001

^aBased on per capita income and percentage of population with university education.
^bThe categories for per capita income are quartile 1 (<9,724.29 €), quartile 2 (9,724.29-11,149.60 €), quartile 3 (11,149.61-14,548.76), quartile 4 ( >14,548.76€). The categories for percentage with university education are quartile 1 (<14.64 %), quartile 2 (14.64-20.63), quartile 3 (20.64-35.15), quartile 4 (>35.15).
^cRefers to educational level and occupation of primary household earner.
*The p value for subject characteristics is based on the chi-square test for trend, and the p value for sports facilities per 1,0000 population is based on linear regression.

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