Implementing effective hygiene promotion: lessons from the process evaluation of an intervention to promote handwashing with soap in rural India

Table 3 Reported occasions, reasons and social norms for HWWS in intervention and control villages

			Intervention villages
			Education			Caste/Religion
	Intervention villages N = 174	Control villages N = 171	None (80)	Primary/secondary incomplete (77)	Secondary or higher (16)	Higher caste (119)	Scheduled caste or tribe (43)	Muslims (11)
Perceived importance of HWWS
After defecation	95	12	94	96	100	94	98	100
Before eating	95	29	93	97	94	96	91	100
Before cooking	89	7	84	94	94	89	86	100
Reasons for HWWS
To be healthy/prevent disease	~100	48	99	100	100	100	98	100
To be successful	30	0	21	35	44	33	26	9
To have good manners	84	21	78	91	81	87	77	82
To protect our children	63	2	61	62	75	61	70	55
That is what everyone does here	8	0	6	8	13	5	14	9
Norms about HWWS
Almost everyone in village washes hands with soap after defecation	35	8	36	31	44	36	31	44
Almost everyone in village washes hands with soap before eating	36	10	34	40	31	34	40	31

ISSN: 1471-2458