Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Utility of obesity indicators for metabolically healthy obesity: an observational study using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2010)

 

MALE

FEMALE

 

MHO

MS

p-value

MHO

MS

p-value

N

871

995

 

759

1145

 

Education [% (SE)] high to university: ≥10

86.0 (1.3)

74.6 (1.6)

<.0001

61.6 (2.3)

36.0 (1.8)

<.0001

Income [% (SE)] lowest quartile

10.0 (1.2)

13.4 (1.3)

0.0384

16.7 (1.9)

29.9 (1.8)

<.0001

Place [% (SE)] Urban

81.2 (2.4)

79.0 (2.5)

0.2802

77.9 (3.0)

72.9 (2.9)

0.0678

Occupation [% (SE)] Yes

82.3 (1.7)

83.3 (1.3)

0.6382

54.1 (2.2)

46.6 (2.0)

0.0121

Smoking [% (SE)]

  

0.0066

  

0.5368

non-smoker

25.9 (1.7)

19.0 (1.4)

 

89.7 (1.4)

90.7 (1.0)

 

ex-smoker

29.3 (2.0)

34.4 (1.8)

 

3.7 (0.8)

4.2 (0.7)

 

Current

44.8 (2.0)

46.6 (1.9)

 

6.6 (1.3)

5.1 (0.8)

 

Alcohol use [% (SE)]

  

0.0777

  

0.0003

non-drinker

12.2 (1.4)

14.6 (1.3)

 

29.5 (2.1)

41.3 (1.9)

 

mild to moderate-drinker

68.8 (1.9)

62.6 (1.9)

 

67.5 (2.1)

56.2 (1.9)

 

heavy-drinker

19.0 (1.6)

22.8 (1.6)

 

3.0 (0.7)

2.5 (0.7)

 

Exercise [% (SE)] Yes

31.2 (1.8)

25.9 (1.7)

0.0265

28.6(1.9)

25.1 (1.5)

0.1166

Age

39.7 ± 0.6

47.5 ± 0.4

<.0001

44.9 ± 0.6

55.4 ± 0.6

<.0001

Weight (kg)

78.8 ± 0.3

81.0 ± 0.4

<.0001

67.0 ± 0.3

67.6 ± 0.4

0.2185

Height (cm)

171.4 ± 0.3

170.5 ± 0.3

0.0066

156.8 ± 0.3

154.9 ± 0.2

<.0001

BMI

26.8 ± 0.1

27.8 ± 0.1

<.0001

27.2 ± 0.1

28.1 ± 0.1

<.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

89.2 ± 0.3

94.4 ± 0.3

<.0001

85.6 ± 0.3

91.0 ± 0.3

<.0001

Appendicular muscle mass

31.3 ± 0.1

30.3 ± 0.1

<.0001

23.9 ± 0.1

23.6 ± 0.1

0.048

Body fat (%)

25.3 ± 0.2

26.5 ± 0.2

<.0001

37.7 ± 0.2

37.7 ± 0.2

0.8175

WHtR

0.521

0.554

<.0001

0.546

0.588

0.0007

Glucose

94.0 ± 0.6

110.5 ± 1.3

<.0001

92.4 ± 0.4

107.9 ± 1.1

<.0001

Triglyceride*

137.9 ± 3.8

242.9 ± 7.5

<.0001

95.0 ± 1.8

175.0 ± 3.7

<.0001

HDL cholesterol

49.2 ± 0.4

42.6 ± 0.4

<.0001

56.4 ± 0.4

46.8 ± 0.3

<.0001

LDL cholesterol

120.4 ± 1.3

113.3 ± 1.4

<.0001

125.1 ± 1.4

121.1 ± 1.2

0.0338

Total cholesterol

192.2 ± 1.4

196.9 ± 1.4

0.0199

195.5 ± 1.6

198.2 ± 1.4

0.2121

Systolic blood pressure

117.0 ± 0.5

125.5 ± 0.6

<.0001

113.6 ± 0.7

128.9 ± 0.6

<.0001

Diastolic blood pressure

77.8 ± 0.4

83.1 ± 0.4

<.0001

73.4 ± 0.5

79.7 ± 0.3

<.0001

  1. *p-value after log transformation.
  2. Continuous variables (MEAN ± SE) were compared using t-tests and categorical variables [% (SE)] were compared using chi-square tests. Regarding occupation, ‘yes’ denotes any form of employment (e.g. excluding the unemployed, homemakers, students, etc.). Regarding exercise, ‘yes’ denotes more than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity 3 times during a recent week.
  3. BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist height ratio; BP, blood pressure; MHO, metabolically healthy but obese, defined as a person who satisfies 2 or fewer criteria of metabolic syndrome; MS, metabolic syndrome.
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us