Table 1 Wisconsin Assessment of Social and Built Environment Domain

Neighborhood characteristics

Features related to the sensory experience of the neighborhood including aesthetics, presence of shade trees, presence of publically available amenities such as seating/benches or public art, and presence of neighborhood signs

obesity, physical activity, activity-friendly communities, walking to work, walkability, active commuting to school, active transport, depression

[4, 5, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 29–42]

Transportation environment

Features that facilitate safe and efficient movement and active transportation throughout the environment including traffic volume, street type, presence of sidewalks and bike lanes, and presence of public transit

obesity, activity-friendly communities, walking to work, urban bicycling and walking

[14, 28–31, 33, 42–44]

Destinations/Land use

Factors concerning the availability or accessibility of nearby facilities whether residential or non-residential and the diversity of land use

active commuting to school, obesity, active transport, physical activity, mental and physical self-reported quality of life, self-rated health, urban bicycling and walking

[2, 14, 17–19, 28, 32, 33, 39–43, 45–50]

Social Environment

Aspects related to neighborhood social capital and presence of a protective social community including presence of individuals partaking in positive activities, social gathering places, and safety from crime

obesity, physical activity, activity-friendly communities, walkability, active commuting to school, health-related quality of life

[8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 29, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39–41, 44, 51]

Connectivity

Features related to directness of travel routes including intersection density, average block length, and presence of pedestrian cross-walks, sidewalks, and bike lanes

active commuting to school, active transport

[14, 17, 33, 41, 47, 48, 52, 53]