Targeted occupational group (main references) | Position | Level of risk after analysis of the literature* | Period of exposure in France |
---|---|---|---|
- rubber production workers, using 4-aminobiphenyl and/or β-naphtylamine and its salts and/or MBOCA | VERY HIGH | Generally before 1989 | |
Before 1950 for subjects exclusively exposed to β-naphtylamine and its salts | |||
Principle exposing positions in rubber and tyre manufacturing include weighing and mixing, finishing and storage, baking or vulcanisation exposing workers to PAHs and nitrosamines. | Before 1970 for subjects exclusively exposed to 4-aminobiphenyl | ||
However: harmful residual carcinogenic substances (PAHs and nitrosamines in particular) remained in use in the rubber industry beyond the 1980s. | |||
- workers in the production of benzidine and/or benzidine-derived and/or auramine-derived and/or ortho-toluidine-derived and/or magenta-derived and/or o-dianisidine-derived and/or o-tolidine-derived and/or 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine-derived and/or 2-methoxy 5 methylaniline-derived colouring agents | VERY HIGH | Generally before 1989 | |
Before 1980 for subjects exclusively exposed to benzidine | |||
Before 1990 for subjects exclusively exposed to ortho-toluidine | |||
- subjects working in production workshops where the aforementioned products are used | |||
Principle exposing activities include: preparation and weighing activities; pigment, colouring agent, paint and varnish manufacturing; quality control, sampling, laboratory and cleaning positions. | |||
Textile industry (dyeing) workers (level of proof 3 to 4) [47–50] | - yarn dyed fabric workers | HIGH | Before 1970 |
However: harmful residual carcinogenic substances (PAHs and nitrosamines in particular) remained in use in the textile dyeing industry beyond the 1970s. | |||
Leather and tanning industry workers (level of proof 3) [51–56] | - leather shoe and/or boot manufacturing workers | HIGH | Before 1990 |
- leather shoe and/or boot repair workers | |||
- tanning, leather goods, leather processing workers | |||
Targeted occupational group (main references) | Position | Level of risk after analysis of the literature* | Period of exposure |
Plastics industry workers, if exposed to 4,4’-methylene bis (chloroaniline) (MBOCA) [57–69] | - workers using epoxy and polyurethane resin hardening agents | HIGH | Since the 1950s and still in use today |
- subjects working in workshops where epoxy and polyurethane resin hardening agents are used | |||
Workers involved in the production of 4-chloro-ortho-toluidine-based pesticides (level of proof 2) [70] | - chlordimeform production workers | HIGH | Before 1986 |
- subjects working in workshops where chlordimeform has been produced | |||
Workers involved in aluminium production (level of proof 1) [71–89] | aluminium production workers having used the Søderberg process | HIGH | Before 1989 |
Textile industry (weaving) workers (level of proof 2 to 3) [47–50] | - workers weaving fibre into fabric | MODERATE | Before 2003 |
Hairdressers and assimilated professions (level of proof 2) [90–98] | - hairdressers | MODERATE | Before 1980 |
- barbers | |||
- beauticians | |||
Workers involved in the plastics industry in general [57–69] | -production agents (after detailed assessment of specific exposure to carcinogenic agents, PAHs in particular) | MODERATE | To the present day |
-production agents (after detailed assessment of specific exposure to carcinogenic agents) | MODERATE | To the present day | |
- ink manufacturing | MODERATE | Before 1970 | |
- printers | |||
Targeted occupational group (main references) | Position | Level of risk after analysis of the literature* | Period of exposure |
- iron and/or steel production workers (casting and/or knockout in particular) | MODERATE | To the present day | |
- chimney sweeps | MODERATE | To the present day | |
- coal fire boiler room workers and those having manufactured coal nuts | Before 2007 | ||
- coal gas production workers | MODERATE | Before 1970 | |
- roofers | MODERATE | To the present day | |
- waterproofing workers | |||
- professional diesel engine vehicle drivers: (heavy-goods vehicle drivers, public transport drivers, taxi drivers, work site vehicle drivers, diesel locomotive drivers) | MODERATE | To the present day | |
- motor vehicle mechanics | |||
- automobile control technicians (MOT/inspection) | |||
- 2-wheeled vehicle delivery drivers | |||
- police officers | |||
- tollbooth attendants | |||
Metalworkers or fitters exposed to cutting oils and fluids [133–140] | - metal machining workers | MODERATE | To the present day |
- tool-dressers | |||
- adjusters (tasks: machining, cutting, welding, degreasing, maintenance/trimming) | |||
- painters | MODERATE | Before 1970 (after 1980 in the case of use of epoxy or polyurethane anti-corrosion paints) | |
Transport vehicle repair and construction [95, 139, 150, 151] | - tool-dressers | MODERATE | To the present day |
- adjusters | |||
dry cleaning workers | MODERATE | To the present day | |
Wine growers [160] | - use of arsenic-based pesticides | MODERATE | Before 2001 |