|
Rubber industry workers (level of proof 1) [14–27]
|
- rubber production workers, using 4-aminobiphenyl and/or β-naphtylamine and its salts and/or MBOCA
|
VERY HIGH
|
Generally before 1989
|
|
Before 1950 for subjects exclusively exposed to β-naphtylamine and its salts
|
|
Principle exposing positions in rubber and tyre manufacturing include weighing and mixing, finishing and storage, baking or vulcanisation exposing workers to PAHs and nitrosamines.
|
Before 1970 for subjects exclusively exposed to 4-aminobiphenyl
|
|
However: harmful residual carcinogenic substances (PAHs and nitrosamines in particular) remained in use in the rubber industry beyond the 1980s.
|
|
Dye manufacturing workers (level of proof 1) [28–46]
|
- workers in the production of benzidine and/or benzidine-derived and/or auramine-derived and/or ortho-toluidine-derived and/or magenta-derived and/or o-dianisidine-derived and/or o-tolidine-derived and/or 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine-derived and/or 2-methoxy 5 methylaniline-derived colouring agents
|
VERY HIGH
|
Generally before 1989
|
|
Before 1980 for subjects exclusively exposed to benzidine
|
|
Before 1990 for subjects exclusively exposed to ortho-toluidine
|
|
- subjects working in production workshops where the aforementioned products are used
|
|
Principle exposing activities include: preparation and weighing activities; pigment, colouring agent, paint and varnish manufacturing; quality control, sampling, laboratory and cleaning positions.
|
|
Textile industry (dyeing) workers (level of proof 3 to 4) [47–50]
|
- yarn dyed fabric workers
|
HIGH
|
Before 1970
|
|
However: harmful residual carcinogenic substances (PAHs and nitrosamines in particular) remained in use in the textile dyeing industry beyond the 1970s.
|
|
Leather and tanning industry workers (level of proof 3) [51–56]
|
- leather shoe and/or boot manufacturing workers
|
HIGH
|
Before 1990
|
|
- leather shoe and/or boot repair workers
|
|
- tanning, leather goods, leather processing workers
|
|
Targeted occupational group (main references)
|
Position
|
Level of risk after analysis of the literature*
|
Period of exposure
|
|
Plastics industry workers, if exposed to 4,4’-methylene bis (chloroaniline) (MBOCA) [57–69]
|
- workers using epoxy and polyurethane resin hardening agents
|
HIGH
|
Since the 1950s and still in use today
|
|
- subjects working in workshops where epoxy and polyurethane resin hardening agents are used
|
|
Workers involved in the production of 4-chloro-ortho-toluidine-based pesticides (level of proof 2) [70]
|
- chlordimeform production workers
|
HIGH
|
Before 1986
|
|
- subjects working in workshops where chlordimeform has been produced
|
|
Workers involved in aluminium production (level of proof 1) [71–89]
|
aluminium production workers having used the Søderberg process
|
HIGH
|
Before 1989
|
|
Textile industry (weaving) workers (level of proof 2 to 3) [47–50]
|
- workers weaving fibre into fabric
|
MODERATE
|
Before 2003
|
|
Hairdressers and assimilated professions (level of proof 2) [90–98]
|
- hairdressers
|
MODERATE
|
Before 1980
|
|
- barbers
|
|
- beauticians
|
|
Workers involved in the plastics industry in general [57–69]
|
-production agents (after detailed assessment of specific exposure to carcinogenic agents, PAHs in particular)
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
Chemical and pharmaceutical industry workers [99–107]
|
-production agents (after detailed assessment of specific exposure to carcinogenic agents)
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
Printing industry workers [108–111]
|
- ink manufacturing
|
MODERATE
|
Before 1970
|
|
- printers
|
|
Targeted occupational group (main references)
|
Position
|
Level of risk after analysis of the literature*
|
Period of exposure
|
|
Iron and/or steel foundry workers [112–120]
|
- iron and/or steel production workers (casting and/or knockout in particular)
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
Workers exposed to coal combustion soot [95, 121]
|
- chimney sweeps
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
- coal fire boiler room workers and those having manufactured coal nuts
|
Before 2007
|
|
Workers involved in coal gas production [122–124]
|
- coal gas production workers
|
MODERATE
|
Before 1970
|
|
Roof waterproofing work [125–128]
|
- roofers
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
- waterproofing workers
|
|
Workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust fumes [129–132]
|
- professional diesel engine vehicle drivers: (heavy-goods vehicle drivers, public transport drivers, taxi drivers, work site vehicle drivers, diesel locomotive drivers)
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
- motor vehicle mechanics
|
|
- automobile control technicians (MOT/inspection)
|
|
- 2-wheeled vehicle delivery drivers
|
|
- police officers
|
|
- tollbooth attendants
|
|
Metalworkers or fitters exposed to cutting oils and fluids [133–140]
|
- metal machining workers
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
- tool-dressers
|
|
- adjusters (tasks: machining, cutting, welding, degreasing, maintenance/trimming)
|
|
Painters [141–149]
|
- painters
|
MODERATE
|
Before 1970 (after 1980 in the case of use of epoxy or polyurethane anti-corrosion paints)
|
|
Transport vehicle repair and construction [95, 139, 150, 151]
|
- tool-dressers
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
- adjusters
|
|
Dry cleaning workers [152–159]
|
dry cleaning workers
|
MODERATE
|
To the present day
|
|
Wine growers [160]
|
- use of arsenic-based pesticides
|
MODERATE
|
Before 2001
|
