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Table 2 Cancer warning signs

From: Cancer symptom awareness and barriers to medical help seeking in Scottish adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Cancer warning sign % Yes (n)

Gender (n = 2,134)

Knew someone with cancer (n = 2,049)

Ethnicity (n = 2,132)

Deprivation (SIMD†) (n = 1,944)

Male (n = 1,032)

Female (n = 1,102)

Significance*

Yes (n = 1,266)

No (n = 783)

Significance*

White (n = 1,826)

BME#(n = 306)

Significance*

Q1 (n = 1,205)

Q2-5 (n = 739)

Significance*

Lump or swelling

72.7 (744)

84.9 (931)

χ2(1, 2120) = 48.21 p < 0.001

82.5 (1040)

72.8 (567)

χ2(1,2040) = 27.03 p < 0.001

80.8 (1469)

68.5 (207)

χ2(1,2119) = 23.71 p < 0.001

79.9 (949)

77.8 (572)

χ2(1,1923) = 1.16 p = 0.281

Change in bowel/bladder habits

54.9 (562)

55.8 (609)

χ2(1,2116) = 0.17 p = 0.682

60.4 (760)

48.8 (379)

χ2(1,2036) = 26.18 p < 0.001

56.7 (1028)

47.5 (144)

χ2(1,2115) = 8.91 p = 0.003

53.3 (633)

59.2 (433)

χ2(1,1919) = 6.22 p = 0.013

Change in appearance of a mole

43.5 (444)

48.0 (524)

χ2(1,2112) = 4.38 p = 0.036

49.0 (616)

41.4 (321)

χ2(1,2032) = 11.10 p = 0.001

47.9 (866)

33.0 (100)

χ2(1,2111) = 23.20 p < 0.001

45.4 (538)

48.2 (352)

χ2(1,1916) = 1.38 p = 0.241

Unexplained bleeding

46.5 (476)

43.6 (475)

χ2(1,2113) = 1.86 p = 0.173

47.4 (596)

41.3 (320)

χ2(1,2033) = 7.18 p = 0.007

45.3 (821)

41.9 (126)

χ2(1,2112) = 1.26 p = 0.262

44.2 (523)

46.6 (341)

χ2(1,1916) = 1.06 p = 0.302

Unexplained pain

43.7 (448)

44.2 (481)

χ2(1,2113) = 0.05 p = 0.816

45.7 (575)

41.5 (322)

χ2(1,2033) = 3.51 p = 0.061

43.7 (791)

44.7 (135)

χ2(1,2112) = 0.11 p = 0.746

42.1 (499)

46.4 (340)

χ2(1,1918) = 3.36 p = 0.067

Unexplained weight loss

40.9 (418)

43.7 (477)

χ2(1,2113) = 1.62 p = 0.203

47.4 (595)

35.4 (275)

χ2(1,2033) = 28.14 p < 0.001

42.9 (776)

39.4 (119)

χ2(1,2112) = 1.28 p = 0.259

43.8 (519)

40.2 (294)

χ2(1,1917) = 2.45 p = 0.118

Cough or hoarseness

37.2 (381)

30.9 (337)

χ2(1,2114) = 9.51 p = 0.002

36.2 (455)

29.7 (231)

χ2(1,2034) = 9.18 p = 0.002

33.7 (610)

36.6 (111)

χ2(1,2113) = 0.99 p = 0.319

33.9 (402)

35.7 (261)

χ2(1,1918) = 0.62 p = 0.431

Difficulty swallowing

33.8 (345)

34.2 (372)

χ2(1,2110) = .003 p = 0.858

37.8 (474)

28.4 (220)

χ2(1,2030) = 19.02 p < 0.001

35.6 (644)

24.9 (75)

χ2(1,2109) = 13.15 p < 0.001

34.6 (410)

33.8 (247)

χ2(1,1915) = 0.12 p = 0.732

Sore that does not heal

27.5 (280)

25.5 (277)

χ2(1,2106) = 1.02 p = 0.312

28.7 (359)

23.5 (182)

χ2(1,2026) = 6.37 p = 0.012

25.8 (466)

29.1 (88)

χ2(1,2105) = 1.45 p = 0.229

24.9 (294)

27.7 (202)

χ2(1,1910) = 1.86 p = 0.173

  1. Notes: *Pearson’s χ2 test for 2x2 tables (i.e., Yes vs. No/Don’t know for each demographic variable). Statistically significant associations at the p < 0.05 level are emboldened. #Black and Minority Ethnic. †Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.