From: Mental health in immigrant men and women in Australia: the North West Adelaide health study
 | Australian-born women | Foreign-born women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Diagnosis | Current depression | Medication | Consultation | Diagnosis | Current depression | Medication | Consultation |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
20-34 | 1.44 (0.83-2.49) | 1.39 (0.81-2.39) | 1.91 (0.96-3.82) | 3.86 (1.04-14.39)* | - | - | - | - |
35-44 (20–44) | 1.38 (0.77-2.48) | 1.44 (0.81-2.55) | 1.17 (0.54-2.51) | 3.91 (1.01-15.08)* | 0.89 (0.39-2.03) | 1.29 (0.55-3.02) | 0.79 (0.27-2.35) | 0.25 (0.03-1.80) |
45-54 | 1.53 (0.83-2.78) | 1.19 (0.65-2.18) | 1.99 (0.94-4.22) | 4.30 (1.10-16.89)* | 2.43 (1.18-5.00)* | 1.71 (0.76-3.89) | 1.66 (0.65-4.23) | 1.35 (0.40-4.54) |
55-64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00~ |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Married | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 |
Never married | 0.97 (0.64-1.45) | 1.15 (0.77-1.71) | 1.19 (0.74-1.91) | 1.34 (0.72-2.51) | 0.08 (0.00-1.41) | 0.38 (0.07-2.05) | 0.20 (0.01-3.70) | - |
Previously married | 1.83 (1.15-2.89)* | 2.26 (1.44-3.55)* | 2.25 (1.33-3.80)* | 2.50 (1.29-4.86)* | 1.59 (0.70-3.61) | 1.69 (0.70-4.12) | 2.49 (0.94-6.57) | 2.29 (0.60-8.75) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Secondary | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Trade/cert/diploma | 0.86 (0.60-1.24) | 0.73 (0.51-1.05) | 1.29 (0.84-1.97) | 1.29 (0.73-2.29) | 0.50 (0.26-0.98)* | 0.54 (0.26-1.12) | 0.50 (0.20-1.24) | 1.39 (0.42-4.56) |
Bachelor or higher | 0.55 (0.35-0.87)* | 0.27 (0.16-0.46)* | 0.71 (0.42-1.23) | 0.87 (0.43-1.74) | 0.78 (0.31-1.95) | 0.65 (0.23-1.89) | 0.75 (0.21-2.64) | 0.99 (0.15-6.62) |
Income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Up to $20,000 | 3.59 (2.32-5.55)* | 2.85 (1.85-4.40) | 4.47 (2.72-7.35)* | 3.55 (1.91-6.61)* | 0.96 (0.40-2.31) | 2.28 (0.80-6.45) | 1.60 (0.58-4.40) | 1.29 (0.31-5.32) |
$20,001-40,000 | 1.62 (1.03-2.54)* | 1.54 (0.99-2.39) | 1.63 (0.94-2.83) | 0.72 (0.30-1.72) | 0.55 (0.25-1.22) | 1.64 (0.64-4.17) | 0.17 (0.03-0.84)* | 0.46 (0.10-2.17) |
$40,001-60,000 | 0.99 (0.62-1.59) | 0.75 (0.46-1.21) | 0.80 (0.43-1.49) | 0.91 (0.43-1.94) | 0.64 (0.28-1.46) | 2.03 (0.79-5.23) | 0.68 (0.23-1.96) | 0.36 (0.06-2.23) |
Over $60,000 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00 |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Employed | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Not in workforce | 0.89 (0.60-1.33) | 0.89 (0.60-1.32) | 0.71 (0.42-1.21) | 0.86 (0.43-1.74) | 0.75 (0.39-1.46) | 1.01 (0.50-2.04) | 0.47 (0.17-1.32) | 0.34 (0.06-1.92) |
Unemployed/other | 6.33 (3.61-11.10)* | 3.90 (2.23-6.84)* | 8.42 (4.75-14.93)* | 9.36 (4.86-18.03)* | 6.41 (1.65-24.89)* | 3.20 (0.81-12.68) | 7.23 (1.96-26.71)* | 9.01 (1.95-41.66)* |
Living situation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lives with others | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Lives alone | 1.14 (0.65-2.10) | 0.84 (0.46-1.55) | 1.06 (0.53-2.10) | 1.19 (0.49-2.91) | 0.62 (0.16-2.39) | 0.90 (0.24-3.44) | 1.33 (0.32-5.44) | 2.21 (0.40-12.09) |
General health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Good/very good/excellent | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 |
Fair/poor | 3.76 (2.44-5.79)* | 14.04 (8.91-22.12)* | 2.18 (1.30-3.66)* | 1.99 (1.01-3.94)* | 1.70 (0.76-3.79) | 5.15 (2.34-11.35)* | 2.77 (1.09-7.03)* | 1.01 (0.19-5.41) |
Length of stay | - | - | - | - | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 20Â years | - | - | - | - | 0.38 (0.14-1.01) | 0.51 (0.19-1.41) | 0.05 (0.00-1.53) | 0.27 (0.03-2.89) |
≥20 years | - | - | - | - | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 |
Background | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
English-speaking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 |
Non-English speaking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.72 (0.39-1.36) | 1.64 (0.85-3.15) | 0.40 (0.15-1.03) | 0.84 (0.26-2.76) |