From: Mental health in immigrant men and women in Australia: the North West Adelaide health study
 | Australian-born men | Foreign-born men | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Diagnosis | Current depression | Medication | Consultation | Diagnosis | Current depression | Medication | Consultation |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
20-34 | 0.66 (0.39-1.13) | 1.17 (0.60-2.30) | 0.27 (0.12-0.61)* | 0.30 (0.13-0.67)* | 1.47 (0.71-3.07) | 1.20 (0.50-2.88) | 0.22 (0.05-0.99)* | 1.47 (0.51-4.28) |
35-44 | 0.59 (0.33-1.06) | 0.95 (0.46-1.98) | 0.73 (0.35-1.52) | 0.48 (0.22-1.09) | 0.33 (0.12-0.90)* | 0.87 (0.34-2.21) | 0.34 (0.09-1.27) | 0.87 (0.26-2.90) |
45-54 | 0.64 (0.34-1.21) | 1.27 (0.60-2.68) | 1.13 (0.55-2.36) | 0.57 (0.24-1.32) | 0.53 (0.24-1.19) | 0.77 (0.32-1.85) | 0.58 (0.21-1.57) | 0.15 (0.02-1.05) |
55-64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Married | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Never married | 1.00 (0.64-1.54) | 1.50 (0.94-2.38) | 0.82 (0.44-1.56) | 0.93 (0.47-1.87) | 5.51 (2.71-11.20)* | 3.49 (1.65-7.39)* | 2.89 (0.99-8.43) | 3.87 (1.31-11.47)* |
Previously married | 1.52 (0.77-2.95) | 2.41 (1.23-4.72)* | 3.22 (1.60-6.50)* | 2.03 (0.83-4.99) | 3.91 (1.73-8.86)* | 1.59 (0.59-4.31) | 4.94 (1.75-13.94)* | 5.85 1.96-17.46)* |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Secondary | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Trade/cert/diploma | 1.01 (0.65-1.56) | 0.62 (0.39-0.99)* | 0.36 (0.20-0.63)* | 0.46 (0.22-0.94)* | 0.46 (0.24-0.88)* | 0.61 (0.31-1.22) | 0.38 (0.14-0.99)* | 0.18 (0.06-0.56)* |
Bachelor or higher | 1.30 (0.79-2.12) | 0.62 (0.35-1.10) | 0.26 (0.11-0.58)* | 1.18 (0.60-2.32) | 0.45 (0.18-1.11) | 0.44 (0.16-1.26) | 0.57 (0.17-1.91) | 0.44 (0.13-1.52) |
Income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Up to $20,000 | 2.36 (1.27-4.37)* | 3.30 (1.68-6.50)* | 6.67 (3.23-13.83)* | 8.55 (3.12-23.44)* | 2.20 (0.97-5.02) | 3.84 (1.50-9.79)* | 16.23 (4.35-60.59)* | 2.30 (0.59-8.94) |
$20,001-40,000 | 1.30 (0.78-2.18) | 2.59 (1.51-4.44)* | 2.38 (1.19-4.78)* | 3.86 (1.48-10.05)* | 1.17 (0.55-2.47) | 2.97 (1.29-6.80)* | 2.54 (0.57-11.35) | 3.51 (1.19-10.35)* |
$40,001-60,000 | 1.15 (0.72-1.84) | 1.30 (0.75-2.28) | 1.20 (0.57-2.52) | 4.60 (1.92-11.04)* | 0.34 (0.13-0.89)* | 0.62 (0.21-1.86) | 1.99 (0.44-8.90) | 0.47 (0.09-2.53) |
Over $60,000 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Employed | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Not in workforce | 1.92 (1.16-3.43)* | 2.30 (1.30-4.08)* | 2.13 (1.03-4.41)* | 7.73 (3.99-14.95)* | 1.40 (0.52-3.77) | 1.66 (0.57-4.88) | 4.11 (1.11-15.15)* | 0.69 (0.09-5.50) |
Unemployed/other | 2.77 (1.33-5.77)* | 2.37 (1.03-5.45)* | 7.92 (3.77-16.64)* | 7.85 (3.21-19.23)* | 2.20 (0.99-4.84) | 3.48 (1.55-7.80)* | 10.11 (3.81-26.80)* | 4.23 (1.57-11.43)* |
Living situation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lives with others | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Lives alone | 1.41 (0.81-2.45) | 1.51 (0.83-2.75) | 1.60 (0.80-3.22) | 1.24 (0.52-2.95) | 3.26 (1.40-7.63)* | 1.21 (0.41-3.62) | 3.89 (1.34-11.31)* | 6.49 (2.32-18.06)* |
General health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Good/very good/excellent | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Fair/poor | 3.62 (2.30-5.69)* | 3.76 (2.31-6.11)* | 4.28 (2.46-7.46)* | 4.23 (2.42-8.45)* | 7.90 (4.05-15.38)* | 6.16 (3.05-12.44)* | 4.35 (1.78-10.64)* | 10.39 (4.07-26.52)* |
Length of stay | - | - | - | - | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 20Â years | - | - | - | - | 0.65 (0.30-1.41) | 0.50 (0.20-1.25) | 0.16 (0.02-1.16) | 2.36 (0.94-5.94) |
≥20 years | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00~ |
Background | - | - | - | - | Â | Â | Â | Â |
English-speaking | - | - | - | - | 1.00~ | 1.00~ | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Non-English speaking | - | - | - | - | 1.67 (0.93-3.00) | 2.43 (1.26-4.68)* | 0.75 (0.31-1.83) | 1.00 (0.41-2.44) |