Glycemic load, glycemic index, bread and incidence of overweight/obesity in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project

Table 3 Odds ratios and 95% CI of incident overweight or obesity at follow-up in 6 496 participants of the SUN project according to quintiles of glycemic index and glycemic load

			Quintiles	Glycemic	Index
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	p for trend
Participants (n)	1 270	1 304	1 324	1 316	1 282
Incident cases overweight/obesity	178	189	188	177	211
Age- and sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	0.98 (0.78-1.22)	0.93 (0.74-1.17)	0.82 (0.65-1.03)	0.95 (0.76-1.19)	0.342
Multivariate adjusted OR¹ (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.02 (0.79-1.32)	0.99 (0.76-1.29)	0.83 (0.64-1.08)	1.12 (0.87-1.45)	0.807
Multivariate adjusted OR² (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.00 (0.77-1.30)	0.97 (0.74-1.26)	0.80 (0.61-1.05)	1.07 (0.82-1.40)	0.907
Multivariate adjusted OR³ (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	0.99 (0.76-1.30)	0.96 (0.73-1.26)	0.79 (0.60-1.05)	1.06 (0.80-1.40)	0.871
Multivariate adjusted OR⁴ (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.00 (0.77-1.30)	0.97 (0.74-1.26)	0.80 (0.61-1.05)	1.07 (0.80-1.40)	0.785
			Quintiles	Glycemic	Load
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	p for trend
Participants (n)	1 186	1 321	1 318	1 368	1 303
Incident cases overweight/obesity	166	219	187	182	189
Age- and sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.19 (0.95-1.49)	0.98 (0.78-1.24)	0.86 (0.68-1.08)	0.81 (0.64-1.03)	0.004
Multivariate adjusted OR¹ (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.21 (0.93-1.57)	1.04 (0.80-1.36)	0.96 (0.74-1.25)	1.02 (0.78-1.33)	0.516
Multivariate adjusted OR² (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.12 (0.85-1.47)	0.91 (0.67-1.24)	0.79 (0.56-1.12)	0.77 (0.51-1.18)	0.075
Multivariate adjusted OR³ (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.09 (0.83-1.45)	0.88 (0.64-1.22)	0.76 (0.53-1.10)	0.73 (0.47-1.15)	0.053
Multivariate adjusted OR⁴ (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.12 (0.85-1.48)	0.92 (0.67-1.30)	0.80 (0.56-1.14)	0.78 (0.51-1.20)	0.064

Q1-Q5: lowest to highest quintile.
OR Odd Ratio.
CI Confidence Interval.
¹adjusted by age, sex, physical activity, time spent in TV watching, total time of sedentary activities, smoking status, baseline BMI.
²adjusted by age, sex, physical activity, time spent in TV watching, total time of sedentary activities, smoking status, baseline BMI, fiber intake, and total energy intake.
³adjusted by age, sex, physical activity, time spent in TV watching, total time of sedentary activities, smoking status, baseline BMI, fiber intake, total energy intake, and protein percentage.
⁴adjusted by age, sex, physical activity, time spent in TV watching, total time of sedentary activities, smoking status, baseline BMI, fiber intake, total energy intake, and olive oil consumption.

ISSN: 1471-2458