Figure 1

The reproductive ratio, time series and wavelet power spectrum of DF in Hanoi (14 districts) from 2002 to 2009. (A) The reproductive ratio was estimated from equation 2 (see text) and smoothed by lowest regressions with smoothing factors equal to 0.05 (blue) and 0.90 (red). The shaded areas around the lines represent the 95% confidence intervals calculated assuming a normal distribution of errors. (B) Time series of the square-root transformed weekly DF incidence. (C) Wavelet power spectrum of the square-root transformed weekly DF incidence. The black contour lines show the regions of power significant at the alpha-risk of 0.05. The paled region of the spectrum delineates the cone of influence due to the zero-padding of the time series. The power increases from dark blue to dark red.