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Table 1 Proportions of characteristics of the study population and differences in characteristics between country of origin*

From: Health literacy among refugees in Sweden – a cross-sectional study

Variables (N = 455)

Total

Somalia

Afghanistan

Iraq

Syria

Other

p-value

 

N (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

107 (27.4)

41 (10.5)

88 (22.5)

90 (23.0)

65 (16.6)

Gender

      

< 0.001

 Men

242 (54.3)

41 (39.4)

27 (65.9)

37 (42.0)

67 (77.0)

34 (53.1)

 

 Women

204 (45.7)

63 (60.6)

14 (34.1)

51 (58.0)

20 (23.0)

30 (46.9)

 

Age

      

0.030

 18–24

54 (13.1)

18 (17.8)

10 (25.6)

10 (12.8)

8 (10.1)

6 (10.5)

 

 25–44

275 (66.9)

71 (70.3)

22 (56.4)

43 (55.1)

54 (68.4)

39 (68.4)

 

 45 years or older

82 (20.0)

12 (11.9)

7 (17.9)

25 (32.1)

17 (21.5)

12 (21.1)

 

Education

      

< 0.001

 None

56 (12.5)

25 (23.4)

11 (27.5)

4 (4.5)

8 (9.0)

3 (4.8)

 

 1–6 years

103 (22.9)

43 (40.2)

14 (35.0)

17 (19.3)

21 (23.6)

4 (6.3)

 7–12 years

149 (33.2)

30(28.0)

7 (17.5)

26 (29.5)

29 (32.6)

28 (44.4)

 More than 12 years

141 (32.4)

9 (8.4)

8 (20.0)

41 (46.6)

31 (34.8)

28 (44.4)

FHL

      

0.075

 Inadequate

238 (60.1)

69 (75.8)

23 (69.7)

48 (60.0)

47 (57.3)

28 (51.9)

 

 Problematic

78 (19.7)

13 (14.3)

5 (15.2)

12 (15.0)

18 (22.0)

14 (25.9)

 Sufficient

80 (20.2)

9 (9.9)

5 (15.2)

20 (25.0)

17 (20.7)

12 (22.2)

CHL

      

0.850

 Inadequate

78 (27.4)

14 (19.4)

8 (29.6)

13 (25.5)

11 (20.4)

12 (32.4)

 

 Problematic

98 (34.4)

27 (37.5)

11 (40.7)

18 (35.3)

21 (38.9)

11 (29.7)

 Sufficient

109(38.2)

31 (43.1)

8 (29.6)

20 (39.2)

22 (40.7)

14 (37.8)

Years of resid. permit

      

< 0.001

 Less than 1 year

28 (7.1)

2 (2.0)

3 (7.9)

2 (2.7)

15 (19.5)

2 (3.9)

 

 1 – 2 years

259 (65.2)

49 (49.5)

26 (68.4)

37 (49.3)

59 (76.6)

42 (82.4)

 More than 2 years

110 (27.7)

48 (48.5)

9 (23.7)

36 (48.0)

3 (3.9)

7 (13.7)

Religion

      

< 0.001

 Not religious

22 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

3 (8.3)

4 (5.6)

3 (3.7)

2 (3.4)

 

 Muslim

288 (71.5)

100 (100.0)

29 (80.6)

40 (55.6)

50 (61.0)

35 (60.3)

 Christian

71 (17.6)

0 (0.0)

4 (11.1)

10 (13.9)

28 (34.1)

18 (31.0)

 Other religion

22 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

18 (25.0)

1 (1.2)

3 (5.2)

Long-term illness

      

< 0.001

 No

280 (65.9)

81 (79.4)

17 (41.5)

50 (58.8)

56 (67.5)

38 (65.5)

 

 Yes

145 (34.1)

21 (20.6)

24 (58.5)

35 (41.2)

27 (32.5)

20 (34.5)

Health care last 3 months

      

0.126

 No

222(52.7)

47 (47.5)

20 (48.8)

40 (48.2)

53 (63.9)

34 (59.6)

 

 Yes

199(47.3)

52 (52.5)

21 (51.2)

43 (51.8)

30 (36.1)

23 (40.4)

Self-assessed health

      

< 0.001

 Very poor

17 (3.9)

1 (1.0)

3 (7.3)

6 (6.8)

4 (4.6)

1 (1.7)

 

 Poor

50 (11.3)

4 (3.9)

7 (17.1)

16 (18.2)

9 (10.3)

5 (8.3)

 Fair

139 (31.5)

32 (31.4)

17 (41.5)

31 (35.2)

28 (32.2)

14 (23.3)

 Good

117 (26.5)

17 (16.7)

8 (19.5)

24 (27.3)

28 (32.2)

19 (31.7)

 Very good

118 (26.8)

48 (47.1)

6 (14.6)

11 (12.5)

18 (20.7)

21 (35.0)

  1. *Missing data not included; i.e. rows within subgroups do not always become 100%; Chi-2 square significances p < 0.05 are printed in bold.