Figure 1From: A large-scale immuno-epidemiological simulation of influenza A epidemics Schematic diagram of the hybrid model. (a) Naive combination of equation based model of virus and symptoms dynamics of influenza A infection with a population level model. Clinical phenotypes of infection are input into the host-level model, which is integrated numerically and returns symptoms and infectivity of an infected individual to use for simulation of an epidemic. (b) In the hybrid ABM model response surface replaces host-level ODE model.Back to article page