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Table 7 Two part joint regression models reflecting marginal effects of associated variables on out of pocket expenditure

From: Out-of-pocket expenditure by Australian seniors with chronic disease: the effect of specific diseases and morbidity clusters

Variable

TPM model 1

TPM model 2

TPM model 3

TPM model 4

TPM model 5

dy/dx

p

95% CI

dy/dx

p

95% CI

dy/dx

p

95% CI

dy/dx

p

95% CI

dy/dx

p

95% CI

Number of chronic diseases

89.1

**

53.4, 124.9

            

Specific chronic conditions

               

Cancer

   

257.7

**

151.2, 364.1

         

Heart

   

70.3

 

-44.1, 184.7

         

HBP

   

28.5

 

-51.8, 108.7

         

Stroke

   

0.5

 

-229.3, 230.3

         

Diabetes

   

84.4

 

-41.7, 210.6

         

Asthma

   

112.1

*

0.7, 223.5

         

Bronchitis

   

4.6

 

-213, 222.2

         

Arthritis

   

0.6

 

-90.8, 92.1

         

Osteoporosis

   

43.2

 

-97.8, 184.2

         

Depression

   

75.5

 

-47.2, 198.1

         

Multiple morbidity a

               

No disease

      

-95.2

 

-206.6, 16.3

      

Arthritis only

      

-40.6

 

-203.9, 122.8

      

All others with one disease

      

198.6

*

38.7, 358.5

      

HBP and arthritis

      

41.3

 

-148.5, 231.0

      

HBP and diabetes

      

9.7

 

-232.3, 251.7

      

HBP and heart disease

      

-100.1

 

-294.7, 94.4

      

Arthritis and asthma

      

-154.9

 

-328.7, 18.9

      

All others with two diseases only

      

169.6

*

31.6, 307.6

      

HBP, arthritis and cancer

      

63.0

 

-285.3, 411.3

      

HBP, arthritis and diabetes

      

233.3

 

-273.8, 740.4

      

All others with three diseases only

      

151.3

*

6.4, 296.1

      

All with four diseases only

      

251.5

*

55.1, 447.9

      

All with more than four diseases

      

552.0

**

241.3, 862.7

      

Natural clusters

               

People with none of these conditions

         

1.00

 

-

   

Group 1 (asthma-bronchitis-arthritis-osteoporosis-depression)

         

139.3

*

33.0, 245.5

   

Group 2 (HBP-Diabetes)

         

123.4

*

27.2, 219.5

   

Group 3 (heart-stroke)

         

187.9

**

52.8, 322.9

   

Group 4 (cancer)

         

377.5

**

215.9, 539.0

   

Clinically suggested clusters

               

Asthma and bronchitis

            

97.6

 

-7.1, 202.3

Arthritis and osteoporosis

            

-3.1

 

-92.0, 85.9

Depression

            

77.6

 

-44.2, 199.5

Heart, HBP, stroke and diabetes

            

63.3

 

-17.5, 144.1

Cancer

            

255.0

**

150.2, 359.8

Number of other chronic disease

   

146.9

**

83.1, 210.6

   

147.9

**

84.2, 211.6

146.8

**

83.5, 210.1

Age groups

               

75+

1.00

-

-

1.00

 

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

 

-

1.00

 

-

50-64 years

115.9

 

-7.18, 238.9

78.6

 

-37.8, 195.0

112.4

*

0.1, 224.8

82.5

 

-30.5, 195.6

69.6

 

-43.5, 182.7

65-74 years

92.9

 

-8.11, 193.9

72.9

 

-22.8, 168.6

91.3

 

-2.0, 184.6

71.1

 

-23.6, 165.7

66.4

 

-28.5, 161.3

Male

141.1

**

46.2, 236.1

128.9

**

40.7, 217.0

145.0

**

58.5, 231.4

123.1

**

37.2, 209.0

127.5

**

41.0, 214.1

SF-12 physical health score

-11.9

**

-19.1, -4.8

-12.0

**

-18.5, -5.5

-12.4

**

-19.0, -5.9

-12.6

**

-19.0, -6.3

-12.4

**

-18.8, -5.9

SF-12 mental health score

-12.2

**

-20.4, -4.1

-11.8

**

-19.6, -4.1

-11.9

**

-19.3, -4.6

-14.3

**

-21.6, -7.0

-12.2

**

-19.9, -4.6

Income

               

<20 000 (ref)

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

  

1.00

-

-

20000-40000

-22.7

 

-130.8, 85.4

1.5

 

-92.7, 95.7

-6.1

 

-102.5, 90.3

5.7

 

-86.6, 98.1

1.6

 

-91.7, 94.9

40000-60000

126.7

 

-11.5, 264.9

150.6

*

27.6, 273.7

146.0

*

21.4, 270.6

154.3

*

34.6, 273.9

152.4

*

31.2, 273.6

60000-80000

239.8

*

41.7, 437.9

265.4

**

86.8, 444.0

267.4

*

82.7, 452.1

255.6

**

82.2, 429.0

268.9

**

91.0, 446.8

80000-100000

272.3

*

23.0, 521.6

256.7

*

44.1, 469.2

290.4

*

62.9, 517.8

307.4

**

81.5, 533.3

264.8

*

53.1, 476.5

>100 000

397.4

**

140.7, 654.1

397.0

**

174.1, 619.9

363.2

**

145.7, 580.7

398.4

**

177.7, 619.1

401.7

**

178.8, 624.6

Region

               

Remote

1.00

-

-

1.00

 

-

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

 

-

Cities

213.7

*

3.5, 423.9

228.3

*

47.1, 409.4

246.5

*

71.0, 422.0

225.2

*

46.0, 404.3

232.1

*

55.5, 408.7

Regional

164.7

 

-45.7, 375.2

178.2

 

-3.8, 360.2

179.7

*

5.1, 354.3

183.3

*

2.8, 363.8

182.0

*

4.7, 359.3

 

n = 2226

n = 2226

n = 2226

n = 2226

n = 2226

AIC = 25827; BIC = 25987

AIC = 25782; BIC = 26056

AIC = 25777; BIC = 26074

AIC = 25784; BIC = 25989

AIC = 25761; BIC = 25978

  1. ** < 0.01, * < 0.05; aReference group is the participants with only HBP.
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