Table 5 Prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels < 50 and <75 nmol/l, and adjusted odds ratios in females
| Â | <50Â nmol/l | <75Â nmol/l | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n | Prevalence | Odds ratio †| n | Prevalence | Odds ratio †|
Overall | 334 | 26.7 | Â | 861 | 68.9 | Â |
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
24-34 years | 53 | 21.4 | 1.00 | 167 | 67.3 | 1.00 |
35-44 years | 69 | 26.9 | 1.28 (0.60-2.70) | 189 | 74.1 | 1.48 (0.74-2.95) |
45-54 years | 85 | 34.7 | 1.83 (0.92-3.66) | 178 | 72.8 | 1.33 (0.70-2.56) |
55-64 years | 50 | 24.8 | 0.96 (0.45-2.04) | 135 | 66.5 | 0.88 (0.45-1.76) |
65-74 years | 38 | 26.6 | 1.01 (0.45-2.27) | 101 | 71.2 | 1.16 (0.55-2.45) |
75Â years and over | 40 | 25.3 | 0.88 (0.37-2.10) | 91 | 58.0 | 0.70 (0.32-1.54) |
BMI* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Underweight/normal | 81 | 20.1 | 1.00 | 245 | 60.8 | 1.00 |
Overweight | 99 | 24.4 | 1.29 (0.82-2.02) | 272 | 67.0 | 1.41 (0.95-2.10) |
Obese | 154 | 35.0 | 1.97 (1.29-3.03) | 344 | 78.1 | 2.32 (1.55-3.48) |
Country of birth* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Australia | 233 | 25.3 | 1.00 | 624 | 67.7 | 1.00 |
Other country | 100 | 31.0 | 1.26 (0.88-1.81) | 234 | 72.4 | 1.35 (0.95-1.90) |
Season | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Summer | 48 | 16.1 | 1.00 | 186 | 63.0 | 1.00 |
Autumn | 59 | 21.8 | 1.59 (0.86-2.94) | 168 | 62.3 | 1.01 (0.62-1.63) |
Winter | 127 | 35.0 | 2.89 (1.67-5.01) | 258 | 71.0 | 1.46 (0.91-2.36) |
Spring | 101 | 31.3 | 2.51 (1.46-4.29) | 250 | 77.4 | 2.16 (1.32-3.55) |
Income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Up to $60,000 | 173 | 29.5 | 1.00 | 413 | 70.4 | 1.00 |
More than $60,000 | 129 | 24.8 | 0.90 (0.58-1.41) | 364 | 69.9 | 0.90 (0.57-1.43) |
Don’t know/not stated | 33 | 22.8 | 0.81 (0.43-1.53) | 84 | 59.1 | 0.72 (0.39-1.32) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Some schooling | 144 | 28.7 | 1.00 | 341 | 67.9 | 1.00 |
Completed high school | 44 | 24.0 | 0.82 (0.44-1.52) | 129 | 70.3 | 1.03 (0.60-1.80) |
Apprentice/diploma | 85 | 27.7 | 1.04 (0.67-1.59) | 217 | 71.0 | 1.07 (0.68-1.68) |
University or higher education | 52 | 22.7 | 0.92 (0.53-1.57) | 156 | 68.1 | 1.20 (0.68-2.11) |
Refused/not stated | 9 | 32.2 | 2.59 (0.39-17.17) | 17 | 61.4 | 4.11 (0.44-38.20) |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non/ex | 278 | 27.1 | 1.00 | 693 | 67.6 | 1.00 |
Current | 52 | 25.1 | 0.86 (0.51-1.43) | 159 | 75.9 | 1.43 (0.84-2.45) |
Not stated | 4 | 24.5 | 0.61 (0.23-1.65) | 9 | 61.1 | 0.69 (0.25-1.90) |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No activity | 95 | 37.0 | 1.00 | 193 | 75.4 | 1.00 |
Insufficient activity | 135 | 30.9 | 0.75 (0.47-1.21) | 314 | 71.9 | 0.81 (0.49-1.35) |
Sufficient activity | 96 | 18.3 | 0.37 (0.23-0.60) | 336 | 63.9 | 0.59 (0.36-0.96) |
Not stated | 9 | 28.9 | 0.30 (0.05-1.79) | 18 | 57.7 | 0.19 (0.02-1.60) |
Vitamin D supplement | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Took vitamin D | 6 | 8.3 | 1.00 | 46 | 60.4 | 1.00 |
Took supplements but not vitamin D | 99 | 27.2 | 4.68 (2.03-10.75) | 264 | 72.3 | 1.80 (1.02-3.17) |
Did not take supplements/not stated | 229 | 28.3 | 5.14 (2.31-11.45) | 550 | 68.2 | 1.44 (0.86-2.44) |