Intervention | No. of studies | Design | Limitations | Consistency | Generalizability to population of interest | Conditionalities related to outcome (no. of studies) | Overall quality of evidence | Mean difference (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCG coverage | ||||||||
Conditional cash transfer | 3 | RCT/Cluster RCT/Cohort | >20% attrition in cohort study and not peer-reviewed | Inconsistent | Bangladesh, Jamaica and Nicaragua | Preventive health visits (2) | Moderate | 0.00 (-0.04; 0.04) |
Conditional microcredit | 2 | Cluster RCT/Cohort | Analysis of cRCT does not account for clustering. | Consistent, both studies show benefit | Bolivia and Ghana | Preventive health visits (1) | Low | 0.09 (-0.02; 0.20) |
DPT-1 coverage | ||||||||
Conditional cash transfer | 2 | RCT/Cross-sectional | Reverse causality possible in one study which is also not peer-reviewed | Inconsistent | Bangladesh and Colombia | Preventive health visits (1) | Low | 0.06 (-0.01; 0.12) |
Unconditional microcredit | 1 | Cross-sectional | Only one study | - | Bangladesh | - | Low | -0.02 (-0.19; 0.15) |
Conditional microcredit | 2 | Cluster RCT/Cohort | Analysis of cRCT does not account for clustering. | Inconsistent | Bolivia and Ghana | Health education (2) | Low | -0.02 (-0.23; 0.19) |
Conditional voucher | 1 | Cluster RCT | Only one study | - | Honduras | Preventive health visits (1) | Low | 0.07 (0.01; 0.13) |
DPT-3 coverage | ||||||||
Conditional cash transfer | 3 | RCT/Cluster RCT/Cohort | >20% attrition in cohort study and not peer-reviewed | Inconsistent | Bangladesh, Jamaica and Nicaragua | Preventive health visits (2) | Moderate | 0.01 (-0.03; 0.06) |
Conditional microcredit | 2 | Cluster RCT/Cohort | Analysis of cRCT does not account for clustering. | Inconsistent | Bolivia and Ghana | Health education (2) | Low | 0.03 (-0.20; 0.27) |
MVC coverage | ||||||||
Conditional cash transfer | 3 | RCT/Cluster RCT/Cohort | >20% attrition in cohort study and not peer-reviewed | Inconsistent | Bangladesh, Jamaica and Nicaragua | Preventive health visits (2) | Moderate | -0.01 (-0.11; 0.09) |
Unconditional microcredit | 1 | Cross-sectional | Only one study | - | Bangladesh | - | Low | 0.09 (0.08; 0.11) |
Conditional microcredit | 2 | Cluster RCT/Cohort | Analysis of cRCT does not account for clustering | Inconsistent | Bolivia and Ghana | Health education (2) | Low | -0.04 (-0.46; 0.38) |
Conditional voucher | 1 | Cluster RCT | Only one study | - | Honduras | Preventive health visits (1) | Low | 0.00 (-0.09; 0.09) |
OPV-3 coverage | ||||||||
Conditional cash transfer | 3 | RCT/Cluster RCT /Cohort | >20% attrition in cohort study and not peer-reviewed | Inconsistent | Bangladesh, Jamaica and Nicaragua | Preventive health visits (2) | Moderate | 0.03 (-0.04; 0.11) |
Conditional microcredit | 2 | Cluster RCT/Cohort | Analysis of cRCT does not account for clustering | Consistent, both studies show negative effect | Bolivia and Ghana | Health education (2) | Low | -0.07 (-0.18; 0.03) |
Any vaccination coverage | ||||||||
Conditional cash transfer | 1 | Cross-sectional | Only one study | - | Peru | Preventive health visits (1) | Low | 0.22 (0.12; 0.32) |
Unconditional microcredit | 1 | Cross-sectional | Only one study | - | Pakistan | - | Low | 0.08 (-0.00; 0.17) |
Conditional microcredit | 2 | Cluster RCT/Cohort | Analysis of cRCT does not account for clustering | Inconsistent | Bolivia and Ghana | Health education (2) | Low | 0.06 (-0.21; 0.34) |
Full vaccination coverage | ||||||||
Unconditional cash transfer | 1 | Cluster RCT | Study not published yet | - | Zimbabwe | - | Low | 0.03 (-0.04; 0.10) |
Conditional cash transfer | 4 | RCT/Cluster RCT | Different age groups (<2y and <5y) | Consistent, all studies show benefit | Nicaragua, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe | Immunization and preventive health visits (3) | Moderate | 0.05 (-0.01; 0.10) |