Table 3 Summary of findings for effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on ‘no breastfeeding’ rates.
From: Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review
Quality Assessment | Summary of Findings | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Directness | No of events | Â | Â | |||||
No of Studies | Design | Limitations | Consistency | Generalizability to population of interest | Generalizability to intervention of interest | Intervention | Control | Relative Risk (95% CI) | Comments |
Rate of no breastfeeding at day 1: low outcome-specific quality | |||||||||
38 | 21 RCTs, 17 QE [11, 13, 14, 17, 33, 36, 37, 44, 49, 59, 63, 64, 68–71, 74, 78, 79, 89–91, 96, 100, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 117, 120–122, 124–127] | Variable follow up periods used in studies. Recall criteria variable across studies (past 24 hr, past week or previous month). | Most studies suggest benefit. Significant heterogeneity | 10 of 38 studies were conducted in developing countries | Pooled results for different types of interventions | 48026 | 39843 | 0.68 [0.54, 0.87] | Random effects meta-analysis due to significant heterogeneity Most studies used individual counseling and most were facility and community-based. Effect of benefit refers to decrease in numbers not breastfeeding. |
Rate of no breastfeeding at <1 month : low outcome-specific quality | |||||||||
33 | 21 RCTs, 12 QE [10, 18, 19, 38, 45, 52, 53, 61, 63, 66, 68, 71–74, 76, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 101–103, 106, 113, 117, 118, 120, 124, 128] | Variable follow up periods used in studies. Recall criteria variable across studies (past 24 hr, past week or previous month). | 10 of 33 studies suggest benefit. Significant heterogeneity | 4 of 33 studies were conducted in developing countries | Pooled results for different types of interventions | 770 | 1018 | 0.70 [0.62, 0.80] | Random effects meta-analysis due to significant heterogeneity. Most studies used individual counseling. |
Rate of no breastfeeding at 1-5 months : low outcome-specific quality | |||||||||
73 | 41 RCTs, 32 QE [10, 12, 13, 17–20, 35, 36, 38, 40–42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 61–64, 67–69, 71–74, 76, 78–83, 86, 90–93, 95–99, 101, 103–106, 108–110, 112–121, 123, 124, 126, 129, 130] | Variable follow up periods used in studies. Recall criteria variable across studies (past 24 hr, past week or previous month). | 25 of 73 studies suggest benefit. Significant heterogeneity | 16 of 73 studies were conducted in developing countries | Pooled results for different types of interventions | 15473 | 17578 | 0.82 [0.77, 0.89] | Random effects meta-analysis due to significant heterogeneity Most studies used individual counseling. |