| |
Nulliparous / Age <18
|
Nulliparous / Age 18-<35
|
Parity ≥3 / Age 18-<35
|
Parity ≥3 / Age ≥35
|
|---|
|
Outcome
|
N*
|
aOR
|
95% CI
|
N*
|
aOR
|
95% CI
|
N*
|
aOR
|
95% CI
|
N*
|
aOR
|
95% CI
|
|---|
|
SGA (reference: AGA)
|
14
|
1.80
|
1.62, 2.01
|
14
|
1.51
|
1.39, 1.64
|
14
|
0.92
|
0.86, 0.99
|
13
|
0.98
|
0.87, 1.09
|
|
Preterm (reference: term)
|
14
|
1.52
|
1.40, 1.66
|
14
|
1.09
|
0.99, 1.21
|
14
|
1.20
|
1.06, 1.35
|
12
|
1.43
|
1.21, 1.69
|
|
Term-SGA (reference: term-AGA)
|
14
|
1.81
|
1.51, 2.16
|
14
|
1.64
|
1.46, 1.85
|
14
|
0.88
|
0.81, 0.96
|
13
|
1.06
|
0.93, 1.20
|
|
Preterm-AGA (reference: term-AGA)
|
13
|
1.75
|
1.56, 1.98
|
13
|
1.30
|
1.09, 1.54
|
13
|
1.13
|
0.98, 1.30
|
12
|
1.39
|
1.16, 1.65
|
|
Preterm-SGA (reference: term-AGA)
|
11
|
3.14
|
2.18, 4.53
|
14
|
2.67
|
1.97, 3.61
|
13
|
1.07
|
0.83, 1.38
|
12
|
1.24
|
1.06, 1.44
|
|
Neonatal Mortality
|
12
|
2.07
|
1.69, 2.54
|
13
|
1.28
|
1.07, 1.51
|
12
|
1.30
|
1.11, 1.51
|
10
|
1.66
|
1.23, 2.23
|
|
Infant Mortality
|
8
|
1.49
|
1.13, 1.97
|
8
|
1.11
|
0.82, 1.52
|
8
|
1.40
|
1.04, 1.89
|
8
|
1.36
|
0.92, 2.03
|
- *N=number of studies included in the meta-analysis
- Controlled for socioeconomic and maternal nutritional variables from Supplemental Table 1 in Additional file 1.
- Reference exposure: parity 1-2 / Age 18-<35.
- SGA = small-for-gestational-age, defined as below the 10th percentile of the U.S. 1991 reference distribution described by Alexander and colleagues [38]. AGA = appropriate-for-gestational-age. Preterm = below 37 completed weeks of gestation.
