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Table 3 Summary of included studies presenting estimates of association between breastfeeding initiation and cause-specific mortality

From: Time to initiation of breastfeeding and neonatal mortality and morbidity: a systematic review

Study/References

Ghana

Nepal

India

Author (Year)

Edmond (2006)

Mullany (2008)

Garcia (2011)

Location

Community

Community

Community

Sample Size

10,947

22,838

10,464

Design

Prospective cohort

Prospective cohort

Prospective Cohort

Definition of Exposure

Early vs. late

Early vs. late

Early vs. late

Cause of Death Outcome

   

- Infection

0.39 (0.26 – 0.61)

0.70 (0.46 – 1.06)

0.68 (0.30 – 1.54)

- Sepsis

0.38 (0.20 – 0.83)

0.61 (0.38 – 0.97)

0.20 (0.07 – 0.60)

- Birth Asphyxia

0.45 (0.15 – 1.41)

0.48 (0.12 – 1.98)

0.79 (0.11 – 5.94)

- Premature

0.73 (0.24 – 1.45)

0.44 (0.19 – 1.00)

n/a

Grade

HIGH

HIGH

HIGH