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Table 1 Data sources of key DALYs averted model parameters

From: Modeling health impact of global health programs implemented by Population Services International

Parameter

Data Source

Burden (macro models)

Mortality Data:

â–  WHO Global Burden of Disease reports [[18, 26]

â–  Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)[27]

â–  Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys [28]

Morbidity Data:

â–  DHS

â–  Published literature

Risk of Infection (micro models)

â–  Published literature

â–  UNAIDS or WHO reports (for epidemic data) [29, 30]

â–  PSI population-based surveys (for behaviors such as sexual behavior or drug use behavior) [31]

Efficacy/Effectiveness

â–  Published randomized controlled trials, community randomized trials

â–  Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) reviews [32]

â–  Cochrane Literature Review [33]

â–  WHO Global Burden of Disease reports

Attrition, or Wastage

â–  PSI supply chain studies (as of 2011)

â–  PSI population-based surveys (as of 2011)

â–  Communication with PSI programmers

Note: Wastage data are rarely available in the published literature so wastage levels were assumed until 2011.

Utilization (including adherence)

Utilization Data:

â–  PSI population-based surveys

â–  USAID CYP conversion factor for family planning products [34]

â–  Published literature

Adherence Data:

â–  Published literature

â–  PSI product usage studies (e.g., pill counts in HAART program)

â–  Communication with experts in the field

Note that protective efficacy/effectiveness studies, such as CHERG reviews, are likely to have adherence/compliance data embedded in them already.

Time frame

Defined as one year. For products/services with lifespans longer than one year, all years of impact are counted in the year of distribution.

Disability Weight

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors [18]

Duration of Disease or Disability

Published literature

Age at Death due to Disease or Disability

â–  Age distribution data of age at death

â–  Weighted estimates of age at death based on age group data from Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors [18]

Life Expectancy

WHO, 2011 (for Japanese life expectancy data) [35]