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Table 4 Multivariable associations between injury setting and recovery outcomes at 3- and 12-months following injury

From: Do outcomes differ between work and non-work-related injury in a universal injury compensation system? Findings from the New Zealand Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study

Outcomes

Non-work

Work RR (95% CI)

Non-work

Work aRR* (95% CI)

3 month outcomes

Vocational

    

Absent from work (Y)

Ref

1.33 (1.15-1.54)

Ref

1.10 (0.94-1.29)

Disability

    

WHO DAS (≥10)

Ref

1.02 (0.92-1.14)

Ref

0.99 (0.88-1.11)

Functional

    

Problems with mobility (EQ1)

Ref

1.00 (0.90-1.11)

Ref

1.03 (0.92-1.14)

Problems with self-care (EQ2)

Ref

0.98 (0.84-1.15)

Ref

0.90 (0.75-1.07)

Problems with usual activities (EQ3)

Ref

0.93 (0.85-1.02)

Ref

0.94 (0.86-1.03)

Pain/Discomfort (EQ4)

Ref

0.96 (0.91-1.03)

Ref

0.96 (0.90-1.03)

Anxiety/Depression (EQ5)

Ref

1.09 (0.92-1.29)

Ref

1.00 (0.82-1.20)

Problems with cognitive ability

Ref

1.12 (0.90-1.40)

Ref

0.94 (0.74-1.21)

Psychological

    

Psychological distress (≥13)

Ref

1.22 (0.88-1.69)

Ref

1.23 (0.85-1.78)

12 month outcomes

Vocational

    

Absent from work (Y)

Ref

1.61 (1.33-1.98)

Ref

1.37 (1.10-1.70)

Disability

    

WHO DAS (≥10)

Ref

1.62 (1.30-2.01)

Ref

1.32 (1.04-1.68)

Functional

    

Problems with mobility (EQ1)

Ref

1.40 (1.20-1.64)

Ref

1.35 (1.14-1.60)

Problems with self-care (EQ2)

Ref

1.78 (1.30-2.44)

Ref

1.38 (0.98-1.95)

Problems with usual activities (EQ3)

Ref

1.23 (1.08-1.42)

Ref

1.14 (0.98-1.31)

Pain/Discomfort (EQ4)

Ref

1.11 (1.03-1.22)

Ref

1.06 (0.97-1.17)

Anxiety/Depression (EQ5)

Ref

1.29 (1.09-1.54)

Ref

1.21 (1.00-1.46)

Problems with cognitive ability

Ref

1.30 (1.05-1.60)

Ref

1.18 (0.94-1.48)

Psychological

    

Psychological distress (≥13)

Ref

1.58 (1.04-2.40)

Ref

1.44 (0.92-2.25)

PTSD (≥27)

Ref

1.24 (1.00-1.55)

Ref

1.06 (0.83-1.35)

  1. Key: RR=Relative risk aRR*= Adjusted relative risk: Adjusted for age; gender; occupation; income; highest educational qualification; employment status; lower extremity fracture; upper extremity fracture; upper body strain or sprain; spinal dislocation, sprain or strain; hospital admission; anatomical severity-NISS; threat of serious disability; and receipt of earnings-related compensation. The disability and six functional outcome models were additionally adjusted for pre-injury measures of the outcome.