Table 6 Trends in stunting among Ghanaian children stratified by maternal education and place of residence, 0-36 Months 1993 to 2008 with 95% CI
1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | C.I | % | C.I | % | C.I | % | C.I | p | X 2 | Total N | |
Urban | |||||||||||
No education | |||||||||||
male | 35.7 | 24.3, 49.0 | 33.0 | 21.7, 46.6 | 32.1 | 21.7, 44.6 | 25.4 | 15.5, 38.8 | .69 | 1.60 | 252 |
female | 22.0 | 12.6, 35.6 | 17.9 | 8.5, 33.8 | 35.2 | 22.9, 49.9 | 21.6 | 10.6, 39.1 | .23 | 4.61 | 177 |
Primary | |||||||||||
male | 26.1 | 20.2, 33.2 | 26.9 | 16.4, 40.9 | 22.0 | 13.4, 33.8 | 31.3 | 20.4, 44.7 | .70 | 1.58 | 361 |
female | 18.1 | 13.0, 24.7 | 17.5 | 7.9, 34.3 | 13.0 | 5.9, 26.3 | 24.2 | 14.1, 38.3 | .56 | 2.31 | 310 |
High school+ | |||||||||||
male | 12.2 | 5.6, 24.7 | 12.2 | 7.3, 19.6 | 28.8 | 22.3, 36.4 | 22.2 | 15.7, 29.9 | .004 | 14.29 | 496 |
female | 8.1 | 2.6, 22.4 | 15.5 | 9.5, 24.2 | 21.4 | 14.3, 30.8 | 16.5 | 10.9, 24.2 | .31 | 3.90 | 405 |
Rural | |||||||||||
No education | |||||||||||
male | 43.1 | 37.8, 48.6 | 30.4 | 25.7, 35.5 | 40.8 | 36.1, 45.8 | 26.8 | 21.3, 33.1 | .001 | 27.76 | 1467 |
female | 39.9 | 31.9, 42.1 | 30.5 | 25.0, 36.5 | 41.5 | 35.5, 47.7 | 21.1 | 15.4, 28.3 | .001 | 22.28 | 1104 |
Primary | |||||||||||
male | 38.0 | 33.3, 43.1 | 33.1 | 25.9, 41.1 | 35.9 | 28.5, 44.1 | 32.8 | 25.1, 41.5 | .63 | 1.91 | 842 |
female | 35.5 | 30.6, 40.8 | 24.1 | 16.7, 33.5 | 28.7 | 21.5, 37.3 | 28.0 | 19.5, 38.4 | .11 | 6.51 | 685 |
High school+ | |||||||||||
male | 20.0 | 5.0, 54.2 | 26.7 | 21.4, 32.8 | 37.0 | 30.1, 44.4 | 27.6 | 21.0, 35.4 | .09 | 6.66 | 611 |
female | 20.0 | 6.6, 47.1 | 21.5 | 16.3, 27.9 | 33.5 | 25.8, 42.1 | 31.3 | 23.8, 39.8 | .06 | 7.52 | 493 |