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Table 2 Proportion (%) of exclusive breastfeeding in infants 5 months of age and under by health related characteristics, Nepal 2006 (N = 482) and 2011 (N = 227)

From: Exclusive breastfeeding practices in relation to social and health determinants: a comparison of the 2006 and 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys

Factor

2006

2011

 

Total N [%]

EBF n [%]#€

p value

Total N [%]

EBF n [%]#€

p value

Parity

  

0.002

  

0.422

First

146 (30.4)

58 (41.3)

 

80 (35.1)

51 (66.7)

 

Second or third

224 (46.6)

123 (57.2)

 

102 (44.9)

65 (70.1)

 

Fourth or more

111 (23.1)

64 (63.2)

 

45 (20.0)

30 (57.1)

 

Birth interval by month

  

0.001

  

0.989

No previous birth

147 (30.5)

58 (40.9)

 

80 (35.1)

51 (66.7)

 

< 24 months

66 (13.7)

37 (63.1)

 

41 (18.0)

20 (67.1)

 

> = 24 months

269 (55.8)

150 (58.2)

 

106 (46.9)

75 (65.7)

 

Types of pregnancy

  

0.293

  

N/A

Single

472 (97.9)

241 (53.7)

 

225 (99.1)

  

Twin/Multiple

10 (2.1)

4 (33.0)

 

2 (0.9)

  

Timing of pregnancy

  

0.019

  

0.314

Wanted

312 (64.7)

162 (53.0)

 

154 (67.9)

103 (69.4)

 

Wanted later

89 (18.5)

36 (42.1)

 

41 (18.0)

25 (68.0)

 

Not wanted

81 (16.8)

47 (66.1)

 

32 (14.0)

18 (49.2)

 

ANC (number of visits)

  

0.108

  

0.093

No visit

100 (21.0)

58 (63.4)

 

28 (12.2)

17 (84.7)

 

1-3

226 (47.4)

111 (47.0)

 

87 (38.3)

52 (66.8)

 

4 or more

151 (31.7)

74 (57.6)

 

112 (49.4)

77 (61.4)

 

Deworming

  

0.223

  

0.447

No

332 (68.9)

178 (55.7)

 

136 (59.9)

90 (63.7)

 

Yes

150 (31.1)

67 (48.3)

 

91 (40.1)

56 (70.2)

 

Iron tablet or syrup consumption

  

0.024

  

0.995

No/Do not know

161 (33.4)

95 (62.0)

 

41 (18.0)

22 (66.3)

 

Yes

321 (66.6)

150 (49.6)

 

186 (82.0)

124 (66.3)

 

Mode of delivery

  

0.010

  

0.030

Vaginal

468 (97.1)

242 (54.6)

 

209 (92.2)

134 (64.5)

 

Caesarean

14 (2.9)

3 (18.1)

 

18 (7.8)

12 (87.6)

 

Place of delivery

  

0.004

  

0.362

Home

378 (78.4)

201(57.2)

 

124 (54.4)

70(63.3)

 

Health facility

104 (21.6)

44 (39.7)

 

103 (45.6)

76 (69.9)

 

Size of the infant (Perceived by mothers)

  

0.016

  

0.283

Average Size

282 (58.6)

144 (50.9)

 

148 (65.7)

91 (61.6)

 

Small

88 (18.3)

51 (46.3)

 

41 (18.4)

28 (73.6)

 

Large

111 (23.1)

50 (67.5)

 

36 (15.9)

26 (75.0)

 

Post-natal care of the infant

  

0.383

  

0.866

No

453 (94.0)

231 (52.5)

 

109 (48.1)

67 (65.5)

 

Yes

29 (6.0)

14 (62.5)

 

118 (51.9)

79 (67.0)

 

Prelacteal feeds

  

0.003

  

0.747

Given something

172 (36.2)

73 (43.1)

 

65 (28.5)

33 (64.3)

 

Given nothing

303 (63.8)

170 (60.5)

 

162 (71.5)

113 (67.1)

 
  1. #the proportion represents the percentage after adjusting for study design and sample weight. This may not be equal to simple calculation of proportion. €: the percentage in the cells is the row percentage of the each sub groups. The N/A: not application for chi square test.