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Figure 3 | BMC Public Health

Figure 3

From: Body mass index and overweight in relation to residence distance and population density: experience from the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966

Figure 3

BMI (kg/m 2 ) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) according to residence distance and population density. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and percentage of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in relation to individual’s road distance (km) to the resident commune’s densest grid, and on population density of the resident grid (inhabitants/km2). Continuous line indicates the regression-based estimate for BMI and the prevalence of overweight, smoothed by a cubic spline with 4 degrees of freedom (95% confidence bands shown by dashed lines). Residential area types are marked by Arabic numerals: 1 scattered settlements; 2 rural areas proper; 3 transition zones; 4 built-up areas & suburbs; 5 high-rise centres. Upper row: crude BMI and prevalence of overweight. Lower row: regression-based gradients compared with the baseline, adjusted for sex, marital status, occupational class, education, leisure-time and occupational physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking.

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