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Table 3 Supplemental analysis of association between daughters’ circumcision status and maternal education

From: Exploration of pathways related to the decline in female circumcision in Egypt

 

Daughter circumcised

 

Restricted sample with mother’s childhood location (N = 9883)

 

(1) Cluster FE

(2) Area FE

(3) Area trends

(4) Reduced form

Mother characteristics

    

Year of birth

0.989

1.008

0.888**

1.025*

 

(0.963–1.016)

(0.988–1.028)

(0.860–0.917)

(1.000–1.050)

Circumcised

14.703**

9.695**

9.849**

10.098**

 

(5.332–40.543)

(4.786–19.639)

(3.742–25.918)

(4.975–20.494)

Age at first marriage

0.95882*

0.984

0.986

0.976

 

(0.927–0.992)

(0.960–1.009)

(0.956–1.017)

(0.953–1.000)

Age difference with husband

0.981

0.981**

0.979*

0.980**

 

(0.962–1.001)

(0.967–0.995)

(0.962–0.997)

(0.967–0.994)

Number of Children

0.975

0.987

0.977

0.983

 

(0.911–1.043)

(0.940–1.036)

(0.918–1.040)

(0.935–1.032)

Muslim

9.004**

7.340**

7.295**

7.338**

 

(5.450–14.875)

(5.409–9.960)

(4.567–11.653)

(5.403–9.966)

Daughter characteristics

    

Birth order (relative to 4th or higher)

    

First born

1.099

0.807

0.791

0.781

 

(0.774–1.560)

(0.619–1.053)

(0.609–1.026)

(0.599–1.020)

Second born

1.104

0.919

0.911

0.892

 

(0.816–1.495)

(0.729–1.158)

(0.719–1.153)

(0.707–1.124)

Third born

1.188

1.012

1.008

0.996

 

(0.909–1.552)

(0.825–1.242)

(0.817–1.243)

(0.811–1.222)

Household characteristics

    

Household size (relative to Household size: 2 to 4)

    

Household size: 5 to 7

1.121

0.935

0.874

0.900

 

(0.699–1.796)

(0.667–1.311)

(0.570–1.341)

(0.642–1.264)

Household size: 8 to 10

1.172

0.986

0.977

0.951

 

(0.859–1.598)

(0.789–1.232)

(0.732–1.304)

(0.761–1.190)

Household size: 11+

1.356

1.096

1.098

1.072

 

(0.984–1.870)

(0.868–1.385)

(0.835–1.443)

(0.847–1.356)

SES

    

Wealth quintile 1

0.826

0.862

0.836

0.906

 

(0.627–1.088)

(0.710–1.047)

(0.641–1.092)

(0.747–1.099)

Wealth quintile 2

0.899

1.000

1.001

1.031

 

(0.693–1.165)

(0.829–1.206)

(0.795–1.260)

(0.855–1.243)

Wealth quintile 4

0.644**

0.696**

0.691**

0.657**

 

(0.478–0.868)

(0.564–0.860)

(0.539–0.886)

(0.533–0.809)

Wealth quintile 5

0.509**

0.445**

0.428**

0.404**

 

(0.344–0.754)

(0.346–0.572)

(0.320–0.574)

(0.316–0.517)

Mother works

0.782*

0.807**

0.811*

0.776**

 

(0.638–0.960)

(0.696–0.934)

(0.675–0.974)

(0.671–0.897)

Mother completed primary

0.629**

0.757**

0.770*

 
 

(0.470–0.842)

(0.617–0.929)

(0.597–0.994)

 

Mother completed secondary or more

0.611**

0.622**

0.614**

 
 

(0.450–0.830)

(0.499–0.776)

(0.466–0.808)

 

Father completed primary

1.185

1.175

1.206

1.127

 

(0.926–1.516)

(0.983–1.405)

(0.967–1.504)

(0.944–1.345)

Father completed secondary or more

1.055

0.949

0.932

0.778**

 

(0.814–1.368)

(0.791–1.138)

(0.750–1.159)

(0.663–0.912)

Area women’s educational attainment

    

Proportion of women completing primary

   

0.226**

    

(0.076–0.674)

Proportion of women completing secondary or more

   

0.441

    

(0.192–1.010)

Daughter YOB & Wave FE

YES

YES

YES

YES

Cluster FE

YES

NO

NO

NO

Area FE

NO

YES

YES

YES

Area* time trend FE

NO

NO

YES

NO

Observations

7443

9806

9806

9739

Number of clusters

1089

   

Number of Areas

 

167

167

167

Observations dropped because no variation in outcome within geographic unit

2440

77

77

144

  1. Note: Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals presented. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.