Table 1 Sample characteristics
From: Exploration of pathways related to the decline in female circumcision in Egypt
(1) Analytical sample (N = 17,579) | (2) Sub-sample linked to mother’s childhood location (N = 9,883) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Daughter characteristics | ||||
Age | 12.65 | 3.04 | 12.69 | 3.04 |
Circumcised | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.50 |
Age at circumcision if circumcised | 9.25 | 7.51 | 9.30 | 7.63 |
First born | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.43 |
Second born | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
Third born | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.39 |
Fourth born & higher | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.48 |
Mother characteristics | ||||
Year of birth | 1968 | 5.57 | 1968 | 5.58 |
Circumcised | 0.96 | 0.19 | 0.98 | 0.14 |
Age at first marriage | 18.67 | 3.93 | 18.50 | 3.87 |
Age difference with husband | 12.45 | 7.18 | 12.39 | 7.07 |
Number of Children | 4.95 | 2.10 | 5.02 | 2.12 |
Muslim | 0.95 | 0.22 | 0.95 | 0.21 |
Household characteristics | ||||
Household size: 2 to 4 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.26 |
Household size: 5 to 7 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.49 |
Household size: 8 to 10 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.42 |
Household size: 11+ | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.29 |
Geographic location | ||||
Urban | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.47 |
Urban governorates | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.32 |
Lower Egypt urban | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.28 |
Lower Egypt rural | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 0.45 |
Upper Egypt urban | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.32 |
Upper Egypt rural | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.49 |
Frontier governorates | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.00 | |
Socioeconomic Status | ||||
Wealth quintile 1 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.45 |
Wealth quintile 2 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.42 |
Wealth quintile 3 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.39 |
Wealth quintile 4 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.36 |
Wealth quintile 5 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.36 |
Mother works | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
Mother less than primary | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.49 |
Mother completed primary | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.33 |
Mother completed secondary or more | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.45 |
Father less than primary | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.50 |
Father completed primary | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.37 |
Father completed secondary or more | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.48 |
Anti-FGC Messaging | ||||
Exposed to 1 or more messages | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.76 | 0.43 |
Empowerment Indexes | ||||
PCA of household decisions [Rng −3.5–1.3] | 0.06 | 1.44 | 0.08 | 1.42 |
PCA of Anti-domestic violence [Rng −1.8–3.0] | 0.05 | 1.76 | 0.09 | 1.77 |
Observations from 2005 Wave | 9784 | 4503 | ||
Observations from 2008 Wave | 7795 | 5380 | ||