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Table 1 Summary table of socio-demographic, migration, health, environment, and livelihood characteristics of study population

From: Dietary diversity of formal and informal residents in Johannesburg, South Africa

 

Informal settlement (n 195)

Formal settlement (n 292)

Pvalue1

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age of respondent (years)

35.6

12.2

31.3

10.1

<0.0001

Length of stay in Johannesburg (years)

5.4

3.7

3.8

4.4

<0.0001

Household size (number of people)

3.5

2.0

2.9

1.6

<0.0001

 

Informal settlement (n 195)

Formal settlement (n 292)

P value 2

 

%

[95% CI]

%

[95% CI]

 

Female respondent

66.7

[59.8; 72.9]

50.0

[44.3; 55.7]

0.0003

Female headed household

35.0

[28.5; 41.8]

22.3

[17.8; 27.3]

0.0019

Migration status of respondent

     

  Internal migrant

75.9

[69.4; 81.4]

49.7

[43.9; 55.3]

<0.0001

  Cross-border migrant

10.8

[7.1; 16.0]

44.2

[38.6; 49.9]

 

  Always resided in Johannesburg

13.3

[9.2; 18.8]

6.1

[3.8; 9.6]

 

Satisfied with current residence

32.8

[26.6; 39.7]

67.8

[62.2; 72.9]

<0.0001

There are “more diseases where live now”

78.8

[72.7; 84.1]

57.8

[51.8; 63.0]

<0.0001

Running water inside household

35.5

[29.0; 42.3]

82.8

[78.1; 86.7]

<0.0001

Type of toilet

     

  Flush toilet inside household

35.2

[29.0; 42.3]

72.4

[66.8; 77.1]

<0.0001

  Flush toilet outside household

25.3

[19.5; 31.7]

24.8

[20.0; 29.9]

 

  Communal toilet

10

[6.6; 15.4]

0

-

 

  Make use of the open bush

23.1

[17.7; 29.5]

0

-

 

  Other

6

[3.4; 10.5]

2.8

[1.3; 5.4]

 

Fuel used for cooking

     

  Wood

7.7

[4.6; 12.4]

0.7

[0; 2.6]

<0.0001

  Paraffin

75.4

[68.8; 80.9]

6.2

[3.9; 9.6]

 

  Gas

15.4

[10.9; 21.1]

0.7

[0; 2.6]

 

  Electricity

0

-

91.8

[88.0; 94.4]

 

  Other

1.5

[0.3; 4.6]

0.7

[0; 2.6]

 

Fuel used for lighting

     

  Candles

79.7

[73.2; 84.6]

6.6

[4.1; 10.0]

<0.0001

  Paraffin

20.3

[15.4; 26.7]

0

-

 

  Electricity

0

-

93.5

[90.0; 95.8]

 

Refuse collection

     

  Burn rubbish

1.7

[0.3; 4.6]

1.1

[0.2; 3.1]

<0.0001

  Dump rubbish outside yard

19.8

[14.9; 26.2]

1.8

[0.6; 4.0]

 

  Dump rubbish at dumpsite

22.0

[16.7; 28.4]

4.7

[2.5; 7.5]

 

  Rubbish is collected weekly

24.3

[18.6; 30.6]

92.0

[88.0; 94.4]

 

  Rubbish is collected irregularly

16.4

[11.8; 22.3]

0.4

[0; 2.0]

 

  Throw rubbish on the street

15.8

[11.4; 21.7]

0

-

 

Tenure

     

  Own property

3.7

[1.6; 7.3]

6.9

[4.4; 10.4]

<0.0001

  Constructed property

13.2

[9.2; 18.8]

0

-

 

  Rent property

4.7

[2.3; 8.6]

86.5

[81.8; 89.8]

 

  RDP or government housing

57.4

[50.4; 64.1]

1.0

[0.2; 3.1]

 

  Other

21.0

[15.8; 27.3]

5.5

[3.3; 8.7]

 

Currently earning money (%)

41.1

[34.3; 48.0]

55.8

[50.0; 61.4]

0.0015

Social grants

43

[36.3; 50.1]

9.2

[6.4; 13.1]

<0.0001

Employment status

41.1

[34.3; 48.0]

57.7

[51.8; 63.0]

0.002

Experienced food shortages during previous 12 month

67.7

[60.8; 73.8]

55.5

[49.7; 61.0]

0.007

Food remittance

5.6

[3.0; 9.9]

30.1

[25.1; 35.6]

<0.0001

  1. 1ANOVA.
  2. 2chi-square analysis.