From: Dietary diversity of formal and informal residents in Johannesburg, South Africa
Informal settlement (n 195) | Formal settlement (n 292) | Pvalue1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age of respondent (years) | 35.6 | 12.2 | 31.3 | 10.1 | <0.0001 |
Length of stay in Johannesburg (years) | 5.4 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.4 | <0.0001 |
Household size (number of people) | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 1.6 | <0.0001 |
Informal settlement (n 195) | Formal settlement (n 292) | P value 2 | |||
% | [95% CI] | % | [95% CI] | ||
Female respondent | 66.7 | [59.8; 72.9] | 50.0 | [44.3; 55.7] | 0.0003 |
Female headed household | 35.0 | [28.5; 41.8] | 22.3 | [17.8; 27.3] | 0.0019 |
Migration status of respondent | |||||
Internal migrant | 75.9 | [69.4; 81.4] | 49.7 | [43.9; 55.3] | <0.0001 |
Cross-border migrant | 10.8 | [7.1; 16.0] | 44.2 | [38.6; 49.9] | |
Always resided in Johannesburg | 13.3 | [9.2; 18.8] | 6.1 | [3.8; 9.6] | |
Satisfied with current residence | 32.8 | [26.6; 39.7] | 67.8 | [62.2; 72.9] | <0.0001 |
There are “more diseases where live now” | 78.8 | [72.7; 84.1] | 57.8 | [51.8; 63.0] | <0.0001 |
Running water inside household | 35.5 | [29.0; 42.3] | 82.8 | [78.1; 86.7] | <0.0001 |
Type of toilet | |||||
Flush toilet inside household | 35.2 | [29.0; 42.3] | 72.4 | [66.8; 77.1] | <0.0001 |
Flush toilet outside household | 25.3 | [19.5; 31.7] | 24.8 | [20.0; 29.9] | |
Communal toilet | 10 | [6.6; 15.4] | 0 | - | |
Make use of the open bush | 23.1 | [17.7; 29.5] | 0 | - | |
Other | 6 | [3.4; 10.5] | 2.8 | [1.3; 5.4] | |
Fuel used for cooking | |||||
Wood | 7.7 | [4.6; 12.4] | 0.7 | [0; 2.6] | <0.0001 |
Paraffin | 75.4 | [68.8; 80.9] | 6.2 | [3.9; 9.6] | |
Gas | 15.4 | [10.9; 21.1] | 0.7 | [0; 2.6] | |
Electricity | 0 | - | 91.8 | [88.0; 94.4] | |
Other | 1.5 | [0.3; 4.6] | 0.7 | [0; 2.6] | |
Fuel used for lighting | |||||
Candles | 79.7 | [73.2; 84.6] | 6.6 | [4.1; 10.0] | <0.0001 |
Paraffin | 20.3 | [15.4; 26.7] | 0 | - | |
Electricity | 0 | - | 93.5 | [90.0; 95.8] | |
Refuse collection | |||||
Burn rubbish | 1.7 | [0.3; 4.6] | 1.1 | [0.2; 3.1] | <0.0001 |
Dump rubbish outside yard | 19.8 | [14.9; 26.2] | 1.8 | [0.6; 4.0] | |
Dump rubbish at dumpsite | 22.0 | [16.7; 28.4] | 4.7 | [2.5; 7.5] | |
Rubbish is collected weekly | 24.3 | [18.6; 30.6] | 92.0 | [88.0; 94.4] | |
Rubbish is collected irregularly | 16.4 | [11.8; 22.3] | 0.4 | [0; 2.0] | |
Throw rubbish on the street | 15.8 | [11.4; 21.7] | 0 | - | |
Tenure | |||||
Own property | 3.7 | [1.6; 7.3] | 6.9 | [4.4; 10.4] | <0.0001 |
Constructed property | 13.2 | [9.2; 18.8] | 0 | - | |
Rent property | 4.7 | [2.3; 8.6] | 86.5 | [81.8; 89.8] | |
RDP or government housing | 57.4 | [50.4; 64.1] | 1.0 | [0.2; 3.1] | |
Other | 21.0 | [15.8; 27.3] | 5.5 | [3.3; 8.7] | |
Currently earning money (%) | 41.1 | [34.3; 48.0] | 55.8 | [50.0; 61.4] | 0.0015 |
Social grants | 43 | [36.3; 50.1] | 9.2 | [6.4; 13.1] | <0.0001 |
Employment status | 41.1 | [34.3; 48.0] | 57.7 | [51.8; 63.0] | 0.002 |
Experienced food shortages during previous 12 month | 67.7 | [60.8; 73.8] | 55.5 | [49.7; 61.0] | 0.007 |
Food remittance | 5.6 | [3.0; 9.9] | 30.1 | [25.1; 35.6] | <0.0001 |