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Table 5 Age-adjusted percentage of men and women smoking by education, gender, ethnicity and location

From: Cardiovascular disease risk factors and socioeconomic variables in a nation undergoing epidemiologic transition

Age/Ethnicity/

Men

Women

Location/Region

University

Technical

Secondary

Primary

None

University

Technical

Secondary

Primary

None

30 – 39

48 (0.001)

83 (0.001)

62 (0.001)

63 (0.001)

57 (0.05)

3 (0.001)

7 (0.1)

4 (0.001)

7 (0.01)

8 (0.1)

40 – 49

44 (0.001)

43 (0.001)

53 (0.001)

56 (0.001)

50 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

7 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

9 (0.001)

50 – 59

38 (0.001)

51 (0.001)

46 (0.001)

54 (0.001)

52 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

10 (0.1)

4 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

15 (0.001)

60 – 69

41 (0.001)

33 (0.05)

45 (0.001)

55 (0.001)

55 (0.001)

6 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

17 (0.001)

≥ 70

50 (0.001)

51 (0.1)

44 (0.001)

54 (0.001)

54 (0.001)

10 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

9 (0.001)

18 (0.001)

18 (0.001)

Malay

24 (0.001)

45 (0.001)

23 (0.001)

28 (0.001)

20 (0.001)

1 (0.001)

1 (0.1)

1 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

7 (0.001)

Chinese

11 (0.001)

8 (0.05)

15 (0.001)

14 (0.001)

15 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

8 (0.05)

5 (0.001)

1 (0.001)

2 (0.1)

Indian

14 (0.001)

14 (0.001)

14 (0.001)

15 (0.001)

14 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

0 (0.05)

3 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

11 (0.1)

Others

18 (0.001)

14 (0.1)

18 (0.001)

20 (0.001)

16 (0.001)

0 (0.001)

0 (0.05)

3 (0.001)

8 (0.001)

15 (0.001)

Urban

31 (0.001)

33 (0.001)

30 (0.001)

32 (0.001)

31 (0.001)

1 (0.001)

2 (0.05)

2 (0.001)

1 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

Rural

35 (0.001)

37 (0.001)

34 (0.001)

38 (0.001)

27 (0.001)

1 (0.001)

4 (0.05)

2 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

12 (0.001)

WPM

41 (0.001)

58 (0.001)

51 (0.001)

55 (0.001)

20 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

11 (0.01)

4 (0.001)

6 (0.001)

15 (0.001)

EPM

42 (0.001)

57 (0.001)

49 (0.001)

54 (0.001)

23 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

13 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

17 (0.001)

EM

43 (0.001)

25 (0.1)

48 (0.001)

57 (0.001)

24 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

5 (0.1)

4 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

12 (0.001)

  1. Note: Figures in parentheses refer to p-values.