Skip to main content

Table 11 Age-adjusted percentage of men and women smoking by income level, gender, age, ethnicity and location

From: Cardiovascular disease risk factors and socioeconomic variables in a nation undergoing epidemiologic transition

Age/Ethnicity/

Men

Women

Location/Region

Low

Middle

High

Low

Middle

High

30 – 39

60 (0.001)

57 (0.001)

53 (0.001)

6 (0.001)

4 (0.01)

2 (0.1)

40 – 49

57 (0.001)

49 (0.001)

41 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

50 – 59

43 (0.001)

46 (0.001)

47 (0.001)

9 (0.001)

3 (0.01)

2 (0.1)

60 – 69

52 (0.001)

49 (0.001)

38 (0.001)

10 (0.001)

2 (0.1)

16 (0.05)

≥ 70

56 (0.001)

35 (0.01)

45 (0.1)

14 (0.001)

1 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

Malay

58 (0.001)

51 (0.001)

48 (0.001)

5 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

Chinese

42 (0.001)

31 (0.001)

10 (0.001)

4 (0.05)

12 (0.001)

6 (0.05)

Indian

11 (0.1)

34 (0.001)

29 (0.05)

2 (0.001)

3 (0.1)

4 (0.1)

Others

43 (0.001)

40 (0.001)

13 (0.1)

15 (0.001)

6 (0.001)

10 (0.001)

Urban

37 (0.001)

37 (0.001)

30 (0.001)

7 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

Rural

40 (0.001)

38 (0.001)

39 (0.001)

9 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

WPM

41 (0.001)

49 (0.001)

53 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

3 (0.001)

8 (0.001)

EPM

40 (0.001)

48 (0.001)

54 (0.001)

14 (0.001)

3 (0.05)

8 (0.01)

EM

43 (0.001)

49 (0.001)

56 (0.001)

2 (0.001)

4 (0.001)

6 (0.1)

  1. Figures in parentheses refer to p-value.