|
Variables
|
Total (n= 4,302)
|
Low (n= 1,211)
|
Middle (n= 1,687)
|
High (n= 1,404)
|
pvalue
|
|---|
|
Sedentary time (hrs/day)
|
5 (3–8)
|
2.5 (2–3)
|
5 (4–6)
|
10 (8–11)
| |
|
Age (years)
|
43 (33–54)
|
46 (37–56)
|
44 (34–55)
|
39 (29–49)
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Gender
| | | | |
< 0.001*
|
|
Male
|
2,084 (48.4)
|
502 (41.5)
|
818 (48.5)
|
764 (54.4)
| |
|
Female
|
2,218 (51.6)
|
709 (58.5)
|
869 (51.5)
|
640 (45.6)
| |
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
25.4 ± 4.9
|
25.7 ± 4.9
|
25.6 ± 5.0
|
25.0 ± 4.7
|
0.001†
|
|
Weekly MVPA (1=low 2=moderate 3=high)
|
1.83 ± 0.74
|
2.01 ± 0.78
|
1.85 ± 0.73
|
1.65 ± 0.69
|
< 0.001†
|
|
Psychological distress
| | | | |
< 0.001*
|
|
< 2
|
3431 (79.8)
|
1002 (82.7)
|
1369 (81.1)
|
1060 (75.5)
| |
|
≥ 2
|
871 (20.2)
|
209 (17.3)
|
318 (18.9)
|
344 (24.5)
| |
|
Ethnic group
| | | | |
0.001*
|
|
Chinese
|
1,336 (31.1)
|
310 (25.6)
|
491 (29.1)
|
535 (38.1)
| |
|
Malay
|
1,285 (29.9)
|
427 (35.3)
|
522 (30.9)
|
336 (23.9)
| |
|
Indian
|
1,343 (31.2)
|
399 (32.9)
|
541 (32.1)
|
403 (28.7)
| |
|
Other
|
338 (7.9)
|
75 (6.2)
|
133 (7.9)
|
130 (9.3)
| |
|
Marital status
| | | | |
< 0.001*
|
|
Never married
|
879 (20.4)
|
148 (12.2)
|
334 (19.8)
|
387 (28.3)
| |
|
Married
|
3,091 (71.9)
|
950 (78.5)
|
1,298 (71.6)
|
933 (66.4)
| |
|
Separated
|
22 (0.5)
|
11 (0.9)
|
8 (0.5)
|
3 (0.2)
| |
|
Divorced
|
127 (3.0)
|
35 (2.9)
|
59 (3.5)
|
33 (2.4)
| |
|
Widowed
|
183 (4.3)
|
67 (5.5)
|
78 (4.6)
|
38 (2.7)
| |
|
Household income (Singapore dollar/month)
| | | | |
< 0.001*
|
|
<2000
|
1,095 (25.5)
|
375 (31.0)
|
495 (29.4)
|
225 (16.0)
| |
|
2000–3999
|
1,207 (28.1)
|
389 (32.1)
|
448 (26.6)
|
370 (26.4)
| |
|
4000–5999
|
741 (17.2)
|
173 (14.3)
|
284 (16.8)
|
284 (20.2)
| |
|
6000–9999
|
469 (10.9)
|
96 (7.9)
|
154 (9.1)
|
219 (15.6)
| |
|
>10000
|
297 (6.9)
|
31 (2.6)
|
103 (6.1)
|
163 (11.6)
| |
|
Refused
|
16 (0.4)
|
5 (0.4)
|
5 (0.3)
|
6 (0.4)
| |
|
Don’t know
|
477 (11.1)
|
142 (11.7)
|
198 (11.7)
|
137 (9.8)
| |
|
Chronic condition
| | | | |
< 0.001*
|
|
Yes
|
951 (22.1)
|
301 (24.9)
|
397 (23.5)
|
253 (18.0)
| |
|
Yes (not seeing doctor)
|
311 (7.2)
|
92 (7.6)
|
123 (7.3)
|
96 (6.8)
| |
|
No
|
3,040 (70.7)
|
818 (67.5)
|
1,167 (69.2)
|
1,055 (75.1)
| |
|
Smoking
| | | | |
0.530*
|
|
No
|
3,194 (74.2)
|
909 (75.1)
|
1,252 (74.2)
|
1,033 (73.6)
| |
|
Quit
|
356 (8.3)
|
92 (7.6)
|
130 (7.7)
|
134 (9.5)
| |
|
Occasionally
|
109 (2.5)
|
29 (2.4)
|
42 (2.5)
|
38 (2.7)
| |
|
Daily
|
643 (14.9)
|
181 (14.9)
|
263 (15.6)
|
199 (14.2)
| |
|
Binge drinking
| | | | |
< 0.001*
|
|
Non drinker
|
2,921 (67.9)
|
911 (75.2)
|
1,175 (69.7)
|
835 (59.5)
| |
|
Non binge drinker
|
1,078 (25.1)
|
231 (19.1)
|
387 (22.9)
|
460 (32.8)
| |
|
Binge drinker (≥5 drinks)
|
303 (7.0)
|
69 (5.7)
|
125 (7.4)
|
109 (7.8)
| |
- Data represent median (IQR), mean ± SD, or number (percentages). *Kruskal Wallis, † ANOVA.
