Table 3 Incidence rates of morbidities and proportion of clinic visits and hospitalizations among children in bottled and municipal water cohorts
From: Burden of childhood diseases and malnutrition in a semi-urban slum in southern India
| Â | 1st year | Â | 2nd year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Overall | Bottled water | Municipal water | P- value * | Overall | Bottled water | Municipal water | P- value * |
| Â | (n=176) | (n=90) | (n=86) | Â | (n=170) | (n=86) | (n=84) | Â |
All-cause morbidities: | ||||||||
No. of episodes | 2331 | 1151 | 1180 | --- | 1601 | 767 | 834 | --- |
Rate of episodes/child-year (95% CI) | 13.8 (13.1-14.7) | 13.5 (12.4-14.8) | 14.2 (13.2-15.3) | 0.433 | 11.0 (10.3-11.8) | 10.4 (9.3-11.7) | 11.6 (10.7-12.6) | 0.135 |
Episodes resulting in clinic visit: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 1700 (72.9%) | 847 (73.6%) | 853 (72.3%) | 0.480 | 1089 (68.0%) | 515 (67.1%) | 574 (68.8%) | 0.472 |
Episodes resulting in hospitalization: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 60 (2.6%) | 39 (3.4%) | 21 (1.8%) | 0.014 | 26 (1.6%) | 14 (1.8%) | 12 (1.4%) | 0.541 |
Respiratory morbidities: | ||||||||
No. of episodes | 1506 | 693 | 813 | --- | 860 | 388 | 472 | --- |
Rate of episodes/child-year (95% CI) | 8.9 (8.5-9.4) | 8.1 (7.5-8.8) | 9.8 (9.1-10.5) | 0.001 | 5.9 (5.5-6.4) | 5.3 (4.7-5.9) | 6.6 (6.0-7.2) | 0.003 |
Episodes resulting in clinic visit: Number (%of total illness episodes) | 1299 (86.2%) | 612 (88.3%) | 687 (84.5%) | 0.032 | 733 (85.2%) | 333 (85.8%) | 400 (84.7%) | 0.657 |
Episodes resulting in hospitalization: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 32 (2.1%) | 18 (2.6%) | 14 (1.7%) | 0.240 | 13 (1.5%) | 9 (2.3%) | 4 (0.85%) | 0.078 |
GI morbidities: | ||||||||
No. of episodes | 668 | 367 | 301 | --- | 384 | 184 | 200 | --- |
Rate of episodes/child-year (95% CI) | 4.0 (3.5-4.5) | 4.3 (3.6-5.2) | 3.6 (3.0-4.3) | 0.162 | 2.6 (2.3-3.1) | 2.5 (2.0-3.2) | 2.8 (2.3-3.4) | 0.483 |
Episodes resulting in clinic visit: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 331 (49.6%) | 197 (53.7%) | 134 (44.5%) | 0.019 | 197 (51.3%) | 96 (52.2%) | 101 (50.5%) | 0.743 |
Episodes resulting in hospitalization: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 18 (2.7%) | 12 (3.3%) | 6 (2.0%) | 0.311 | 11 (2.9%) | 5 (2.7%) | 6 (3.0%) | 0.868 |
Skin lesions: | ||||||||
No. of episodes | 86 | 47 | 39 | --- | 176 | 96 | 80 | --- |
Rate of episodes/child-year (95% CI) | 0.51 (0.38-0.70) | 0.55 (0.36-0.89) | 0.47 (0.33-0.70) | 0.574 | 1.2 (0.99-1.5) | 1.3 (0.99-1.8) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 0.449 |
Episodes resulting in clinic visit: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 34 (39.5%) | 14 (29.8%) | 20 (51.3%) | 0.042 | 83 (47.2%) | 45 (46.9%) | 38 (47.5%) | 0.934 |
Episodes resulting in hospitalization: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 4 (4.7%) | 4 (8.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.062 | 1 (0.57%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0.272 |
Other infections: | ||||||||
No. of episodes | 47 | 26 | 21 | --- | 88 | 54 | 34 | --- |
Rate of episodes/child-year (95% CI) | 0.28 (0.21-0.38) | 0.31 (0.21-0.47) | 0.25 (0.16-0.42) | 0.537 | 0.61 (0.46-0.81) | 0.73 (0.51-1.1) | 0.47 (0.32-0.73) | 0.118 |
Episodes resulting in clinic visit: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 23 (52.3%) | 13 (50%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.871 | 34 (38.6%) | 23 (42.6%) | 11 (32.4%) | 0.337 |
Episodes resulting in hospitalization: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 5 (10.6%) | 4 (15.4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.240 | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.205 |
Non-infectious morbidities: | ||||||||
No. of episodes | 24 | 18 | 6 | --- | 93 | 45 | 48 | --- |
Rate of episodes/child-year (95% CI) | 0.14 (0.09-0.22) | 0.21 (0.13-0.35) | 0.07 (0.03-0.23) | 0.038 | 0.64 (0.51-0.81) | 0.61 (0.44-0.87) | 0.67 (0.50-0.92) | 0.700 |
Episodes resulting in clinic visit: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 13 (54.2%) | 11 (61.1%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0.237 | 42 (45.2%) | 18 (40%) | 24 (50%) | 0.333 |
Episodes resulting in hospitalization: Number (% of total illness episodes) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.555 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | --- |