Elevated depressive symptoms in metabolic syndrome in a general population of Japanese men: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Characteristics of men and women with and without metabolic syndrome

	Men			Women
	MetS (−)	MetS (+)	P value	MetS (−)	MetS (+)	P value
	(n = 965)	(n = 388)	P value	(n = 1261)	(n = 499)	P value
Age (years)	63 ± 12	62 ± 10	0.14	62 ± 13	67 ± 11	< 0.0001
Single or divorced (%)	11.7	11.6	0.95	27.5	31.9	0.07
History of cardiovascular disease (%)	8.4	10.6	0.21	2.6	4.8	0.02
Antihypertensive medication (%)	28.2	44.6	< 0.0001	23.2	50.1	< 0.0001
Antidiabetic medication (%)	7.2	17.0	< 0.0001	1.8	17.6	< 0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)	83.5 ± 7.2	92.6 ± 6.8	< 0.0001	81.3 ± 9.3	91.4 ± 9.3	< 0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	129 ± 17	144 ± 15	< 0.0001	125 ± 18	144 ± 16	< 0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79 ± 9	88 ± 9	< 0.0001	75 ± 10	84 ± 10	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.10 ± 0.87	5.34 ± 0.93	0.0001	5.57 ± 0.89	5.73 ± 0.93	0.0008
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.10(0.82–1.47)	2.02(1.47–2.84)	< 0.0001	0.93(0.69–1.23)	1.57(1.09–2.04)	< 0.0001
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.65 ± 0.42	1.39 ± 0.37	< 0.0001	1.95 ± 0.43	1.61 ± 0.42	< 0.0001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	5.8 ± 1.2	6.7 ± 1.6	< 0.0001	5.3 ± 0.7	6.4 ± 1.5	< 0.0001
Smoking habit (%)	33.6	38.0	0.12	7.6	7.3	0.82
Alcohol intake (%)	68.0	71.4	0.22	33.7	26.7	0.004
Regular exercise (%)	13.7	12.9	0.70	10.1	12.6	0.12

MetS metabolic syndrome; HDL high-density lipoprotein.
Values are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or frequency.
The differences between subjects with and without MetS were tested by Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.

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