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Table 1 Prevalence of tobacco use in Madagascar among females aged 15–49 (n= 17,375) and males aged 15–59 years (n=8,586), Demographic Health Survey, 2008-09

From: The odd man out in Sub-Saharan Africa: understanding the tobacco use prevalence in Madagascar

Characteristics

 Smoked tobacco products

Smokeless tobacco products

Dual use of tobacco products

All tobacco#

 

 Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

N

 118

2152

1579

1712

18

359

1715

4223

Total

 0.77

28.50

9.60

24.60

0.09

4.30

10.3

48.90

Age (in years)

        

15-19

 0.60

14.87

3.4

8.40

0.15

1.13

3.82

22.13

20-24

 0.43

35.82

7.4

17.14

0.00

4.57

7.82

48.39

25-29

 0.60

33.61

9.7

24.35

0.07

5.34

10.25

52.62

30-34

 0.73

31.38

12.0

27.94

0.06

4.40

12.68

54.92

35-39

 0.95

32.36

13.8

30.65

0.24

5.11

14.52

57.90

40-44

 1.17

29.91

14.2

32.18

0.06

6.45

15.34

55.64

45-49

 1.53

32.88

15.1

35.79

0.04

6.33

16.58

62.34

50-54

 

25.71

 

40.46

 

3.69

 

62.49

55-59

 

24.42

 

41.86

 

4.33

 

61.95

Education

        

No Education

 0.83

32.37

15.2

33.47

0.29

5.22

15.74

60.62

Primary

 0.38

27.27

11.7

31.73

0.05

4.83

11.98

54.17

High-school

 1.27

28.37

3.6

10.51

0.04

3.17

4.85

35.71

University

 2.06

29.57

0.0

2.70

0.00

1.37

2.06

30.90

Wealth Index (in quintiles)

        

Lowest

 0.38

30.07

12.9

34.36

0.12

4.67

13.18

59.77

Second

 0.57

27.04

13.5

31.19

0.11

4.04

13.94

54.18

Middle

 0.42

25.20

11.6

32.83

0.10

4.99

11.89

53.04

Fourth

 0.43

28.95

8.7

22.59

0.00

5.76

9.09

45.78

Highest

 1.74

30.74

3.7

8.09

0.13

2.25

5.36

36.59

Occupation

        

Unemployed

 1.09

11.56

2.5

2.31

0.01

0.51

3.59

13.36

Agriculture

 0.34

29.04

12.5

32.16

0.09

5.23

12.77

55.97

Service-manual

 1.70

35.37

7.9

15.06

0.17

3.20

9.44

47.24

Service-non-manual

 1.77

32.50

1.4

8.80

0.13

3.67

3.02

37.64

Marital status

        

Unmarried

 0.75

25.13

7.84

16.26

0.08

2.82

8.51

38.58

Married

 0.78

31.04

10.81

30.96

0.10

5.37

11.49

56.63

Religion

        

Other Religion*

 0.56

32.48

9.7

23.19

0.15

3.95

10.11

51.72

Christian

 0.84

26.45

9.7

25.42

0.08

4.41

10.46

47.46

Muslim

 0.00

39.69

1.7

14.91

0.00

9.45

1.65

45.14

Traditional

 0.96

35.05

9.7

22.75

0.00

1.84

10.67

55.96

Residence

        

Urban

 1.69

33.78

4.4

8.05

0.18

2.75

5.92

39.08

Rural

 0.58

27.48

10.7

27.81

0.08

4.56

11.23

50.72

  1. * All other religious groups which are not Christian, not Muslim or not traditional.
  2. # Prevalence for smoked and smokeless tobacco use is not mutually exclusive. Therefore, the totals in the last two columns are summations of the corresponding smoked and SLT percentages minus dual use.