Table 3 Associations between psychological violence (life-time), socio-demographic and psychosocial factors
Psychological violence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men: N = 399 (Exposed N = 123) | Women: N = 573 (Exposed N = 212) | |||||
Men (N) | Exposed % (N) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Women (N) | Exposed N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
Age groups | ||||||
60–65 | 71 | 13.8 (17) | 1 | 67 | 8.5 (18) | 1 |
50–59 | 98 | 20.3 (25) | 1.12 (0.55–2.28) | 136 | 19.8 (42) | 1.21 (0.63–2.32) |
40–49 | 96 | 25.2 (31) | 1.52 (0.76–3.03) | 125 | 24.1 (51) | 1.85 (0.97–3.55) |
30–39 | 77 | 20.3 (25) | 1.53 (0.74–3.15) | 138 | 27.4 (58) | 1.92 (1.01–3.64) |
18–29 | 57 | 20.3 (25) | 2.56 (1.20–3.42) | 107 | 20.3 (43) | 1.75 (0.90–3.42) |
Civil Status | ||||||
Married/cohabitant/registered partnership | 296 | 59.3 (73) | 1 | 420 | 60.5 (127) | 1 |
Boyfriend/girlfriend | 53 | 17.1 (21) | 2.05 (1.11–3.79) | 64 | 12.9 (27) | 1.70 (0.99–2.91) |
Single/widowed/divorced | 48 | 23.6 (29) | 4.62 (2.45–8.73) | 85 | 26.7 (56) | 4.52 (2.74–7.45) |
Duration of Present Relationship | ||||||
>10 yrs | 227 | 45.9 (45) | 1 | 288 | 48.1 (76) | 1 |
4–10 yrs | 62 | 27.6 (27) | 3.09 (1.70–5.62) | 115 | 27.2 (43) | 1.64 (1.04–2.60) |
≤ 3 yrs | 34 | 26.5 (26) | 2.81 (1.55–5.11) | 82 | 24.7 (39) | 2.46 (1.48–4.08) |
Country of birth | ||||||
Sweden | 356 | 90.2 (110) | 1 | 517 | 91.5 (193) | 1 |
Outside Sweden | 43 | 9.8 (12) | 0.99 (0.50–1.99) | 54 | 8.5 (18) | 0.89 (0.50–1.61) |
Partner’s country of birth | ||||||
Sweden | 349 | 84.6 (104) | 1 | 494 | 83.5 (177) | 1 |
Outside Sweden | 50 | 15.4 (19) | 1.43 (0.77–2.64) | 79 | 16.5 (35) | 1.43 (0.88–2.31) |
Educational level | ||||||
University | 156 | 46.3 (56) | 1 | 270 | 49.5 (105) | 1 |
High school (10–12 yrs) | 173 | 43.0 (52) | 0.64 (0.39–1.03) | 211 | 38.7 (82) | 0.96 (0.67–1.40) |
Compulsory (≤9 yrs) | 67 | 10.7 (13) | 0.29 (0.13–0.61) | 91 | 11.8 (25) | 0.589 (0.348–0.997) |
Annual Income (SEK) | ||||||
310,000 or more | 163 | 39.8 (49) | 1 | 87 | 16.0 (34) | 1 |
235,000–309,999 | 107 | 26.0 (32) | 0.98 (0.58–1.68) | 143 | 25.0 (53) | 0.83 (0.48–1.45) |
160,000–234,999 | 52 | 13.8 (17) | 1.12 (0.57–2.19) | 175 | 29.2 (62) | 0.76 (0.44–1.30) |
0–159,999 | 77 | 20.3 (25) | 1.15 (0.64–2.07) | 168 | 29.7 (63) | 0.83 (0.48–1.42) |
Employment status | ||||||
Employed | 329 | 81.0 (98) | 1 | 396 | 68.2 (144) | 1 |
Student, retired, sick-leave, parental leave or leave of absence, unemployed, other | 66 | 19.0 (23) | 1.24 (0.71–2.18) | 172 | 31.8 (67) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) |
Partner’s employment status | ||||||
Employed | 262 | 64.5 (71) | 1 | 414 | 77.1 (138) | 1 |
Student, retired, sick-leave, parental leave or leave of absence, unemployed, other | 121 | 35.5 (39) | 1.28 (0.80–2.05) | 111 | 22.9 (41) | 1.14 (0.74–1.77) |
Children living at home | ||||||
No | 206 | 52.5 (64) | 1 | 297 | 50.0 (150) | 1 |
Yes | 190 | 47.5 (58) | 0.97 (0.63–1.47) | 270 | 50.0 (105) | 1.17 (0.83–1.65) |
Access to social support | ||||||
Good | 251 | 53.3 (65) | 1 | 361 | 53.6 (111) | 1 |
Poor/moderate | 139 | 46.7 (57) | 1.97 (1.27–3.06) | 199 | 46.4 (96) | 2.06 (1.44–2.95) |
Grown up in a home with violence | ||||||
No | 357 | 83.5 (101) | 1 | 510 | 82.5 (170) | 1 |
Yes/Unsure | 38 | 16.5 (20) | 2.78 (1.41–5.48) | 55 | 17.5 (36) | 3.92 (2.16–7.10) |