Table 4 Organizational stressors and outcomes
Reference | Sample | Stress/Burnout instrument | Stressors | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Armstrong & Griffin (2004) | 3,794 COs | Five items (Crank, Regoli, Hewitt & Culbertson, 1995) | Role problems (6 items, Hepburn & Knepper, 1993) | Job stress |
Perceived intrinsic rewards (6 items, Mottaz, 1981) | ||||
Quality of supervision (7 items, Saylor 1981) | ||||
Organizational support (3 items, Eisenberger et al., 1986) | ||||
Moon & Maxwell (2004) | 318 COs | Work stress (5 items) (Cullen, Link, Wolfe & Frank, 1985) | Work overload (5 items, validated) | Job stress |
Supervisory support (5 items, validated) | ||||
Castle & Martin (2006) | 373 COs | Occupational stress (6 items) (Cullen, Link, Wolfe & Frank, 1985) | Working overtime (1 item) | Job stress |
Prison Social Climate Survey Adaptation (5 items) (Saylor, 1983) | Inmate overcrowding (1 item) | |||
| Â | Levels of staffing (1 item) | |||
Training prior to employment (1 item) | ||||
Role problems (5 items, not validated) | ||||
Opportunity for promotion (not reported) | ||||
Salary (1 item, annual salary) | ||||
Supervisory support (6 items, Cullen et al. 1985) | ||||
Administrative strengths (10 items, Saylor, 1984) | ||||
Griffin (2006) | 2,576 COs | Five items (Crank, Regoli, Hewitt & Culbertson, 1995) | Quality of supervision (7 items, Saylor 1981) | Job stress |
Organizational support (3 items, Eisenberger et al., 1986) | ||||
Neveu (2007) | 707 COs | Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS: 22 items) (Dion & Tessier, 1994, Maslach, Jackson & Leiter, 1996) | Participation (3 items, validated) | Burnout |
Skill utilization (4 items, validated) | ||||
Professional worth (4 items, validated) | ||||
Castle (2008) | 373 COs | Job stress scale and general stress scale (Dowden & Tellier, 2004) | Role problems (5 items, not validated) | Job stress |
Opportunity for promotion (not reported) | ||||
Supervisory support (not reported) | ||||
Administrative strengths (not reported) | ||||
Taxman & Gordon (2009) | 1,231 COs | Three items (Peters, O’Connor & Rudolf, 1980) | Organizational justice (13 items, Sweeny & McFarlin, 1997) | Job stress |
Summerlin et al. (2010) | 133 COs | Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op: 20 items) and Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Org: 20 items) (McCreary & Thompson, 2006) | Levels of staffing (1 item, PSQ-Org, McCreary & Thompson, 2006) | Job stress |
Daily operational tasks (PSQ-Org, McCreary & Thompson, 2006) | ||||
Work-related activities outside of correctional facility (PSQ-Org, McCreary & Thompson, 2006) | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Style of leadership (PSQ-Org, McCreary & Thompson, 2006) | Â |