Reference | Country | Facility type | Average age | Percentage male | Racial majority | Average tenure | Average education level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armstrong & Griffin (2004) | United States of America | Maximum security facility | 35.6 | 76.7% | Caucasian | 4 years or less | N/A |
Moon & Maxwell (2004) | South Korea | Prison or jail | N/A | 77.3% | N/A | N/A | Post-secondary |
Castle & Martin (2006) | United States of America | County jails | 38 | 72.4% | Caucasian | 7 years | High school or equivalent |
Griffin (2006) | United States of America | State prisons | 34.5 | 75.3% | Caucasian | 4 years or less | High school or equivalent |
Neveu (2007) | France | Level 1 | 33.5 | 87% | N/A | 8 years | High school or equivalent |
Castle (2008) | United States of America | County jails | 38 | 72.4% | Caucasian | 7 years | High school or equivalent |
Taxman & Gordon (2009) | United States of America | Level 2: low-medium security | 43.44 | 68% | Caucasian | 6.9 years | High school or equivalent |
Summerlin, Oehme, Stern & Valentine (2010) | United States of America | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |