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Table 5 Physical, emotional or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in the preceding year as a possible risk factor for health and healthcare problems described by 2139 slum-dwelling women interviewed at about 6 weeks postpartum

From: Intimate partner violence against women during and after pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Mumbai slums

Dependent variable

Did not report

Reported

OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

IPV (%)

IPV (%)

Illness during pregnancy

      

 No illness during pregnancy

1407 (77)

195 (61)

1 ref

 

1 ref

 

 Any illness during pregnancy

414 (23)

123 (39)

1.749

(1.32, 2.32)

1.779

(1.32, 2.40)

Prenatal care received

      

 Prenatal care received

1774 (97)

305 (96)

1 ref

 

1 ref

 

 No prenatal care received

47 (3)

13 (4)

1.631

(0.86, 3.09)

1.357

(0.68, 2.69)

Place of delivery

      

 Institutional delivery

1644 (90)

280 (88)

1 ref

 

1 ref

 

 Home delivery

177 (10)

38 (12)

1.146

(0.77, 1.70)

0.994

(0.66, 1.51)

Preterm index infant

      

 Term

1762 (97)

304 (96)

1 ref

 

1 ref

 

 Preterm

50 (3)

11 (3)

1.215

(0.62, 2.39)

1.284

(0.63, 2.63)

 Missing

9 (<1)

3 (1)

    

Birth weight of index infant *

      

 Normal

1330 (73)

213 (67)

1 ref

 

1 ref

 

 Low birth weight

309 (17)

63 (20)

1.273

(0.94, 1.73)

1.144

(0.83, 1.58)

 Missing

182 (10)

42 (13)

    

Family planning

      

 Not used modern family planning in last 3 y

1581 (87)

261 (82)

1 ref

 

1 ref

 

 Used modern family planning in last 3 y

240 (13)

57 (18)

1.402

(1.01, 1.94)

1.458

(1.02, 2.08)

Wife beating justifiable in at least one context

     

 Not justifiable

1229 (67)

142 (45)

1 ref

   

 Justifiable

592 (33)

176 (55)

2.36

(1.77, 3.15)

2.260

(1.67, 3.06)

Total

1821 (100)

318 (100)

    
  1. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from multivariable logistic regression models with random effect for cluster. Models include covariates for socioeconomic quintile, religion, mother’s age and employment, and husband’s alcohol use. Ref: reference category.
  2. * Including a covariate for infant sex did not change the inference.