From: Interventions for preventing diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: systematic review
Study type | Study | Population | Intervention/Comparison | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Animal vaccination | ||||
SR | Pre-harvest interventions for E. coli 0157: H7 [26] | Domestic ruminants | Vaccines, probiotics, antimicrobials, chlorate treatment | L. acidophilus NP51 and P. freudenreichii were the only interventions significantly proven in field trials to increase animal resistance to colonization with E. coli O157. |
SR | Vaccinations to reduce faecal shedding of E. coli 0157: H7 [25] | Domestic ruminants | Type III secreted proteins of E. coli O157: H7 vaccination | Meta-analysis of eight comparisons showed a significant reduction in E. coli O157 faecal prevalence (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.51) [25] . |
 | Siderophore receptor and porin protein (SRP) vaccines [25] | Cattle | SRP vaccination | Meta-analysis of three trials showed significantly reduced E. coli O157 faecal shedding in cattle (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20,0.61) [25]. Although there was heterogeneity in the meta-analyses, these results indicate that type III and SRP protein vaccines decrease the faecal shedding of E. coli O157 in cattle [25] . |
 | Bacterin vaccines [25] | Cattle | Bacterin vaccination | No significant effect on E. coli O157 faecal shedding [25] . |
RCT | Vaccination of calves [28] | 60 calves | Vaccination with commercially produced type III secreted proteins (TTSP)/placebo | During peak shedding (days 3–6): |
Vaccinated animals showed mean log reduction of 1.4 (P = 0.002) | ||||
Number of animals shedding significantly lower among the vaccinates (P ≤ 0.05) | ||||
RCT | Vaccination with E. coli 0157: H7 SRP bacterial extract [29] | 437 cows from 2 commercial cow-calf herds | Vaccinated calves born to cows vaccinated pre-partum with E. coli 0157: H7 SRP vaccine/Placebo treatment | Calves born to vaccinated cows had significantly higher titres of anti E. coli 0157: H7 SRP antibodies in circulation at branding time (P < 0.001) |
Diet | ||||
SR | Pre-harvest interventions [26] | Ruminants | Food additives e.g. probiotics, sodium chlorate, antimicrobials, bacteriophages | Probiotics and sodium chlorate were effective in reducing E. coli O157 load. Antimicrobials neither decreased nor increased load. There was insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of bacteriophages and other food additives. The review was limited by lack of high quality studies, inconsistent results and conduct of studies in an artificial environment. |
R | Diet, E. coli 0157: H7 and cattle [5] | Cattle | Alterations in diet and dietary supplements, forage, grains, hay | Grains can increase fecal E. coli 0157: H7 shedding. E. coli 0157: H7 concentrations in cattle can be affected by the composition of their diet. |
R | Forage feeding interventions to reduce preharvest E. coli[49] | Cattle | Forage feeding compared to grain-based feeds | Change in diet from grain (corn) to forage (hay) decreased faecal E. coli O157: H7 in cattle by up to 1000-fold within 5Â days |
RCT | Dried distiller’s grains (DG) [30] | 28 pens of feedlot cattle | Dried DG or dry rolled corn/2 × 2 factorial design | No significant effect of DG or dry rolled corn on E. coli 0157: H7 prevalence |
RCT | Wet DG with solubles (WDGS) [31] | 603 feedlot steers | 40% WDGS/No WDGS | Higher levels of faecal E. coli 0157: H7 in WDGS-fed animals compared to controls (P < 0.001), indicating WDGS feeding may increase E. coli 0157: H7 levels |
RCT | Wet DG [32] | 272 feedlot crossbred beef heifers | Addition of Wet DG to feed/no WDG | No significant effect of feeding wet DG on faecal E. coli 0157: H7 |
RCT | WDGS [34] | 608 heifers | Animals fed 40 or 70% WDGS, then switched to 0 or 15% for 56 days/no WDGS | Significantly lower E. coli 0157:H7 in faeces and on hides after lowering levels of dietary WDGS (≤ 15% for last 56 days prior to harvest (P < 0.05) |
Probiotics | ||||
SR | Probiotics (6 RCTs) [26] | Ruminants | Probiotics/No treatment or control | Evidence of efficacy for probiotic combination L. acidophilus NP51 (NPC 747) and P. freudenreichii |
RCT | Microbial feedings [35] | Cattle | Microbial feedings | Decreased E. coli O157 on cattle hides (74% less likely, P < 0.05) and 69% less likely in faeces (P < 0.01) |
RCT | Probiotics [36]. | 448 steers | L. acidophilus NP51/control | Steers fed L. acidophilus NP51 were 35% less likely to shed E. coli 0157: H7 than steers in untreated pens (OR = 0.58, P = 0.008) |
RCT | Probiotics [37] | Cattle | L. acidophilus NP51 | Cattle on L. acidophilus NP51 excreted less E. coli 0157 in the feeding period compared with the controls (P < 0.01), Dose response was a linear decrease in excretion with increasing dose (P < 0.01) |
Bacteriophage | ||||
RCT | Bacteriophage [38] | Cattle | Poly-encapsulated phages/control | Poly-encapsulated phages did not reduce duration of shedding (P < 0.1) |
Vitamin D | ||||
RCT | Vitamin D [39] | Two groups of Cattle (beef and dairy) | Received .5 × 10 (6) IU vitamin D per day for 10 days/Control treatment | No significant effect on faecal shedding of E. coli 0157: H7 |
Other purpose supplements | ||||
RCT | Feed supplements of Monensin, Ractopamine [40] | 720 crossbred beef steers | Monensin (33 or 44 mg/kg of DM) | Significantly less faecal E. coli 0157: H7 with monensin at 44 mg/kg of feed, than at 33 mg/kg (4.3 vs 6.8%, P = 0.05). Urea or ractopamine had no effect (P = 0.9) |
Urea (0, 0.35, 0.70% of DM) or ractopamine (0,200 mg/steer)/2 × 3 ×2 factorial block design | ||||
Farm practices | ||||
RCT | Young cattle – farm practices [41] | 57 farms | Multiple interventions were applied to 3 groups of farms of young animals. Group A: No new animals, no contact with other cattle and no shared water sources; bedding and animals kept dry; animals kept clean; animals kept as a closed group; boot-dip and overcoat used. Group B: No new animals, no contact with other cattle and no shared water sources; water troughs emptied and cleaned weekly. Group C received all the interventions of A and B. | The effect of each intervention was analysed by univariable comparative analysis. Dry bedding and retaining animals in original groups were the most important measures of the intervention s (P < 0.05) |
Control farms had no alteration in practices | ||||
RCT | Solarization of soil in feedlot pen to reduce E. coli 0157: H7 [42] | Feedlot pen divided into 40 plots | Soil solarization in feedlot pen surface material/No solarization | >3.0-log reduction of E. coli 0157: H7 by week 6 of solarization (P < 0.05) in the treated pens compared to control |