From: Childhood adversity as a risk for cancer: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort study
 |  | Model 1 early life factors |  | Model 2 + childhood pathologies and ACEs |  | Model 3 + adult mediating factors |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
Mother’s education | Left school after min age |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 | Left school at or before min age | 1.06 (0.80-1.41) | 0.681 | 1.06 (0.79-1.41) | 0.697 | 1.07 (0.79-1.45) | 0.659 |
Father’s social class | Non-manual |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 | Manual | 1.17 (0.88-1.56) | 0.286 | 1.11 (0.83-1.49) | 0.473 | 1.13 (0.84-1.53) | 0.419 |
Overcrowded household | <1.5 people per room | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | > = 1.5 people per room | 1.47 (1.07-2.04) | 0.019 | 1.39 (1.0-1.92) | 0.051 | 1.33 (0.95-1.85) | 0.093 |
Gestational age | (days) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.648 | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.664 | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.889 |
Parity | Primiparous | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | One | 1.17 (0.88-1.57) | 0.283 | 1.14 (0.85-1.52) | 0.391 | 1.06 (0.78-1.43) | 0.715 |
 | Two or more | 1.32 (0.95-1.83) | 0.095 | 1.20 (0.86-1.67) | 0.279 | 1.09 (0.77-1.54) | 0.642 |
Birthweight | (kg) | 0.90 (0.70-1.16) | 0.425 | 0.91 (0.71-1.18) | 0.488 | 0.93 (0.72-1.21) | 0.585 |
FÅ“tal distress | No | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Yes | 1.24 (0.81-1.89) | 0.316 | 1.25 (0.82-1.90) | 0.306 | 1.23 (0.81-1.89) | 0.334 |
Problems during pregnancy | No | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Yes | 1.16 (0.91-1.49) | 0.240 | 1.13 (0.88-1.45) | 0.332 | 1.14 (0.88-1.47) | 0.324 |
Smoking during pregnancy | No | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Sometimes | 1.08 (0.65-1.79) | 0.771 | 0.94 (0.56-1.57) | 0.801 | 0.91 (0.54-1.54) | 0.739 |
 | Moderately | 1.07 (0.78-1.49) | 0.664 | 1.06 (0.76-1.46) | 0.742 | 1.00 (0.72-1.39) | 0.997 |
 | Heavily | 1.30 (0.93-1.82) | 0.126 | 1.22 (0.87-1.72) | 0.251 | 1.17 (0.82-1.66) | 0.384 |
Mother’s age at birth | (years) | 0.98 (0.95-1.00) | 0.040 | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | 0.086 | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) | 0.176 |
Breastfed | Yes, for more than 1Â month | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Yes, for up to one month | 1.10 (0.83-1.46) | 0.517 | 1.09 (0.81-1.45) | 0.567 | 1.08 (0.80-1.45) | 0.627 |
 | No | 1.14 (0.87-1.51) | 0.340 | 1.09 (0.82-1.44) | 0.550 | 1.08 (0.81-1.43) | 0.601 |
Childhood pathologies | No | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Yes |  |  | 1.31 (0.99-1.73) | 0.061 | 1.24 (0.93-1.65) | 0.149 |
ACE | No adversities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | One adversity |  |  | 1.40 (1.06-1.83) | 0.016 | 1.30 (0.98-1.72) | 0.066 |
 | Two or more adversities |  |  | 2.46 (1.66-3.65) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.42-3.21) | <0.001 |
Age at 1st pregnancy | <=33y | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | >34y |  |  |  |  | 2.24 (1.63-3.08) | <0.001 |
 | No pregnancies, or no information |  |  |  |  | 0.94 (0.65-1.34) | 0.716 |
Education level at 23 y | A levels or higher | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | O levels |  |  |  |  | 0.95 (0.67-1.34) | 0.756 |
 | No qualifications |  |  |  |  | 1.30 (0.87-1.93) | 0.198 |
Social class 23 y | Non-manual active | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | manual active |  |  |  |  | 0.93 (0.64-1.37) | 0.726 |
 | Inactive |  |  |  |  | 1.04 (0.77-1.41) | 0.796 |
Smoking 23 y | Never | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Past |  |  |  |  | 1.27 (0.9-1.78) | 0.174 |
 | Current |  |  |  |  | 1.72 (1.25-2.36) | 0.001 |
Alcohol 23 y | Normal | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Abstainance |  |  |  |  | 1.00 (0.66-1.52) | 0.983 |
 | Heavy |  |  |  |  | 1.42 (0.99-2.04) | 0.055 |
Psychological malaise 23 y | No | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Yes |  |  |  |  | 1.35 (0.94-1.93) | 0.099 |
BMI groups | Normal | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Underweight |  |  |  |  | 1.26 (0.81-1.95) | 0.299 |
 | Overweight |  |  |  |  | 0.93 (0.63-1.37) | 0.706 |
 | Obese |  |  |  |  | 0.47 (0.17-1.24) | 0.126 |