Table 1 Selected characteristic of study participants overall and within each referral model
Characteristics | Totals | Model 1: Referral cards + police assisted MMT enrollment | Model 2: Referral cards +2 months MMT in detoxification | Model 3: Referral cards only | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Age (years) | |||||
18 - 24 | 23 (10.2) | 17 (15.2) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (7.7) | 0.2237 |
25 - 34 | 122 (54.0) | 57 (50.9) | 34 (54.8) | 31 (59.6) | |
35 - 44 | 63 (27.9) | 31 (27.7) | 20 (27.7) | 12 (23.1) | |
≥ 45 | 18 (8.0) | 7 (6.2) | 6 (6.3) | 5 (9.6) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 217 (96.0) | 109 (97.3) | 58 (93.5) | 50 (96.2) | 0.4018 |
Female | 9 (4.0) | 3 (2.7) | 4 (6.5) | 2 (3.8) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
Han | 138 (61.1) | 66 (58.9) | 37 (59.7) | 35 (67.3) | 0.5719 |
Minority | 88 (38.9) | 46 (41.1) | 25 (40.3) | 17 (32.7) | |
Education level | |||||
< Primary school | 121 (52.5) | 56 (50.0) | 28 (45.2) | 37 (71.1) | 0.0475 |
Junior high school | 87 (38.5) | 47 (42.0) | 29 (46.8) | 11 (21.2) | |
≥Senior high school | 18 (8.0) | 9 (8.0) | 5 (8.0) | 4 (7.7) | |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 95 (42.0) | 43 (38.4) | 28 (45.2) | 24 (46.2) | 0.7784 |
Divorced or widowed | 29 (12.8) | 16 (14.3) | 6 (9.7) | 7 (13.5) | |
Never married | 102 (45.1) | 53 (47.3) | 28 (45.2) | 21 (40.4) | |
HIV status | |||||
Positive | 68 (30.1) | 8 (7.1) | 33 (53.2) | 27 (51.9) | <0.0001 |
Negative | 158 (69.9) | 104 (92.9) | 29 (46.8) | 25 (48.1) | |
History of heroin use (years) | |||||
< 1 | 30 (13.3) | 16 (14.3) | 8 (12.9) | 6 (11.5) | 0.0542 |
1-5 | 71 (31.4) | 44 (39.3) | 11 (17.7) | 16 (30.8) | |
6-10 | 57 (25.2) | 28 (25.0) | 17 (27.4) | 12 (23.1) | |
> 10 | 68 (30.1) | 24 (21.4) | 26 (41.9) | 18 (34.6) | |
Prior participation in a needle-exchange program | |||||
Yes | 6 (2.7) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (5.8) | 0.3682 |
No | 220 (97.3) | 110 (98.2) | 61 (98.4) | 49 (94.2) | |
Prior participation in an MMT program | |||||
Yes | 34 (15.0) | 15 (13.4) | 17 (27.4) | 2 (3.8) | 0.0017 |
No | 192 (85.0) | 97 (86.6) | 45 (72.6) | 50 (96.2) | |
Willingness to participate in an MMT program | |||||
Yes | 116 (51.3) | 48 (42.9) | 44 (71.0) | 24 (46.2) | 0.0015 |
No | 109 (48.2) | 63 (56.3) | 18 (29.0) | 28 (53.8) | |
Distance from home to the nearest MMT clinic (km) | |||||
< 5 | 67 (29.6) | 36 (32.1) | 15 (24.2) | 12 (23.1) | 0.3619 |
5-10 | 41 (18.1) | 23 (20.5) | 11 (17.7) | 7 (13.5) | |
> 10 | 118 (52.2) | 51 (45.5) | 36 (58.1) | 31 (59.6) | |
Overall | 226 (100) | 112 (49.6) | 62 (27.4) | 52 (23.0) | |