Table 1 Characteristics of the whole cohort and subgroups with different illness conditions and medical expense levels

Total sample

2607

1566

1041

1540

1067

1301

1306

Data on household

Household size

4.72 (1.41)

4.70 (1.40)

4.74 (1.41)

4.73 (1.39)

4.71 (1.43)

4.84 (1.41)

4.60 (1.39)

  p-value

0.505

0.669

<0.001

Younger than 18*

0

11.12

11.05

11.24

10.71

11.72

9.53

12.71

1

77.37

76.76

78.29

77.41

77.41

78.79

75.96

2

8.21

8.75

7.4

8.7

7.5

8.15

8.27

3

2.57

2.87

2.11

2.53

2.62

2.69

2.45

4

0.46

0.38

0.58

0.52

0.37

0.46

0.46

5

0.23

0.19

0.29

0.19

0.28

0.31

0.15

6

0.04

0

0.1

0

0.09

0.08

0

p-value

0.509

0.726

0.934

Older than 65*

0

69.97

70.24

69.55

69.35

70.85

66.95

72.97

1

23.21

22.29

24.59

23.31

23.06

25.44

20.98

2

5.56

5.94

5

5.84

5.15

6.38

4.75

3

0.5

0.7

0.19

0.52

0.47

0.46

0.54

4

0.58

0.64

0.48

0.65

0.47

0.61

0.54

5

0.19

0.19

0.19

0.32

0

0.15

0.23

p-value

0.305

0.465

0.029

Public insurance coverage*

91.16 (19.14)

91.20 (19.21)

91.09 (19.04)

90.72 (19.82)

91.80 (18.10)

91.36 (18.85)

90.96 (19.43)

p-value

0.881

0.150

0.595

Private insurance coverage*

90.68 (18.40)

90.46 (18.9)

91.01 (17.5)

90.83 (18.01)

90.46 (18.9)

90.38 (18.4)

90.98 (18.43)

p-value

0.447

0.614

0.403

Location*

Taipei

32.72

33.27

31.89

32.47

33.08

33.13

32.31

Northern

16.88

16.91

16.91

17.01

16.68

17.14

16.62

Central

17.38

16.54

18.64

17.27

17.53

17.22

17.53

Southern

14.46

14.81

13.93

14.09

15

14.53

14.4

Kaoping

15.42

15.33

15.56

15.84

14.81

14.83

16

Eastern

3.15

3.19

3.07

3.31

2.91

3.15

3.14

p-value

0.801

0.939

0.973

Income

17283

17132

17510

17339

17202.

20497

14082

(6950)

(7125)

(6674)

(6936)

(6973)

(6846)

(5405)

p-value

0.168

0.621

<0.001

Data on household head

Age*

<20

1.76

1.72

1.83

1.95

1.5

1.61

1.91

21-30

8.59

7.6

10.09

7.92

9.56

9.3

7.89

31-40

3.07

3.13

3.98

3.05

3.09

3.46

2.68

41-50

36.59

37.16

35.73

37.08

35.9

37.74

35.45

51-60

39.62

40.36

38.52

39.81

39.36

37.89

41.35

>60

10.36

10.03

10.85

10.19

10.59

9.99

10.72

p-value

0.318

0.691

0.272

Gender*

Male

61.80

61.94

61.58

61.69

61.95

60.88

62.71

p-value

0.883

0.925

0.356

Education*

<Middle school

18.26

19.16

16.91

18.12

18.46

17.29

19.22

High school

34.79

34.42

35.35

33.77

36.27

35.59

34

Bachelor

38.36

38.38

38.33

39.09

37.3

38.28

38.44

>Bachelor

8.59

8.05

9.41

9.03

7.97

8.84

8.35

p-value

0.354

0.470

0.576

Marital status*

Single

16.92

17.11

16.62

16.88

16.96

16.22

17.61

Married

68.66

67.5

70.41

69.55

67.39

69.1

68.22

Divorced

8.17

8.43

7.78

7.73

8.81

8.15

8.19

Widowed

6.25

6.96

5.19

5.84

6.84

6.53

5.97

p-value

0.228

0.505

0.765

Occupation*

Government

17.18

16.48

18.25

17.34

16.96

10.91

23.43

State-owned Co

11.93

12.45

11.14

12.6

10.97

9.53

14.32

Private Co

37.63

36.72

39

36.6

34.68

46.66

28.64

Self-employed

19.52

19.86

19.02

18.64

20.81

27.06

12.02

Farmer

8.52

8.43

8.65

8.9

7.97

5.84

11.18

Unemployed

2.07

2.55

1.34

2.14

1.97

0

4.13

Retired

2.57

3

1.92

2.4

2.81

0

5.13

Other

0.58

0.51

0.67

0.39

0.84

0

1.15

p-value

0.152

0.496

<0.001