Table 1 Characteristics of the study population in three multi-ethnic cohorts (n = 2936)
Variables | Chinese | Malays | Indians | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age β (years) | 54.4 ± 7.4 | 51.5 ± 9.1 | 52.0 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
Sex β, female (%) | 671 (43.2) | 364 (23.4) | 518 (33.4) | < 0.001 |
Education β, (%) | ||||
primary/below | 474 (40.2) | 435 (55.7) | 443 (43.9) | < 0.001 |
secondary and above | 706 (59.8) | 346 (44.3) | 566 (56.1) | |
Systolic BP β (mm Hg) | 121.4 ± 11.1 | 124.0 ± 10.1 | 120.8 ± 11.1 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 73.1 ± 7.5 | 73.6 ± 7.2 | 73.8 ± 7.2 | 0.06 |
BMI β (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 4.6 | 25.4 ± 4.4 | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol β (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± .3 | < 0.001 |
LDL-Cholesterol β (mmol/l) | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides β (mmol/l) | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Plasma glucose β (mmol/l) | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 0.001 |
HbA1c, (%) | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 0.1834 |