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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, by city

From: The burden of pediatric diarrhea: a cross-sectional study of incurred costs and perceptions of cost among Bolivian families

Ā 

City

Ā 

All cities

Cochabamba

El Alto

La Paz

Santa Cruz

Ā 

(n=874)

(n=402)

(n=112)

(n=146)

(n=214)

Ā 

Frequency (%)

MALE

493

222

64

86

121

(56.4)

(55.2)

(57.4)

(58.9)

(56.5)

URBAN RESIDENCE 1

433

267

-

-

137

(82.8)

(81.9)

(82.0)

HOSPITALIZED

548

186

82

145

79

(62.7)

(46.3)

(73.2)

(99.3)

(36.9)

OUTPATIENTS

326

216

30

1

135

(37.3)

(53.7)

(26.8)

(0.7)

(63.1)

TOTAL CHILDREN 2

874

402

112

146

214

Ā 

(46.0)

(12.8)

(16.7)

(24.5)

Ā 

Median (25%, 75%)

HOSPITALIZED 2,3

Ā 

Number of days child had diarrhea prior to visit

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

3.0

(2.0, 5.0)

(1.0, 5.0)

(2.0, 6.0)

(3.0, 6.0)

(2.0, 5.0)

Patientā€™s age (months)

11.0

9.0

11.0

11.0

11.0

(6.0, 15.0)

(6.0, 15.0)

(8.0, 15.0)

(8.0, 16.0)

(6.0, 16.0)

Monthly household income (US$)

152.06

151.20

115.20

144.00

172.80

(86.40, 288.00)

(60.48, 288.00)

(76.32, 216.00)

(86.40, 273.60)

(100.80, 259.20)

OUTPATIENTS 2,3

Ā 

Number of days child had diarrhea prior to visit

3.0

3.0

3.0

-

3.0

(2.0, 5.0)

(2.0, 5.0)

(2.0, 4.0)

(2.0, 4.0)

Ā 

11.0

11.0

8.0

-

11.5

Patientā€™s age (months)

(7.0, 17.0)

(7.0, 17.0)

(4.0, 13.0)

(5.0, 22.0)

Ā 

172.80

151.20ā€ 

144.00ā€ 

-

259.20

Monthly household income (US$)

(100.80, 288.00)

(86.40, 288.00)

(115.20, 216.00)

(144.00, 345.60)

  1. 1There were substantial missing data for urban vs. rural residenceā€”40.2% of observations were missing this information. Data from El Alto and La Paz are excluded from this comparison due to near-complete missing information.
  2. 2Percentages are calculated out of the total hospitalized and outpatient sample size.
  3. 3The inpatient appointment Hospital German Urquidi and the outpatient appointment Hospital Del Nino and Hospital Materno-Infantil were not analyzed due to insufficient data.
  4. ā€ Significantly different from Santa Cruz (p<0.01), using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc pairwise comparison.