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Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression of depressive symptoms and social participation, key role and rate of primary industrial workers for men and women

From: Social participation and mental health: moderating effects of gender, social role and rurality

Independent variables

Men

Women

Odds ratio

95%CI

Odds radio

95%CI

Individual-level variables

Intercept

0.03 ***

(0.01-0.10)

0.11 ***

(0.00-0.01)

Age

    

  65-69

Reference

Reference

  70-74

0.89

(0.60-1.31)

1.40 *

(1.02-1.92)

  75-79

1.30

(0.75-2.25)

1.71 **

(1.21-2.41)

  80 or older

0.88

(0.52-1.50)

2.50 ***

(1.56-4.01)

Equivalised annual income (million yen)

  <1.50

3.14 *

(1.08-9.13)

0.71

(0.35-1.43)

  1.50-1.99

1.55

(0.55-4.37)

0.73

(0.38-1.39)

  2.00-2.49

1.81

(0.71-4.60)

0.69

(0.31-1.56)

  2.50-2.99

1.28

(0.41-3.97)

0.38 †

(0.13-1.09)

  3.00-3.49

1.61

(0.56-4.58)

0.68

(0.28-1.67)

  3.50-3.99

1.82

(0.46-7.18)

0.33 **

(0.16-0.68)

  4.00-4.49

2.72 †

(0.87-8.55)

0.58

(0.21-1.63)

  4.50-4.99

2.27

(0.71-7.19)

0.17 *

(0.03-0.86)

  ≥5.00

Reference

Reference

Years of education

  <6

4.26 **

(1.53-11.87)

2.74 **

(1.37-5.49)

  6-9

1.50 †

(0.97-2.31)

1.62

(0.88-2.99)

  10-12

1.21

(0.82-1.78)

1.74 †

(0.94-3.23)

  ≥13

Reference

Reference

Living with spouse

1.68 †

(0.92-3.10)

1.15

(0.90-1.46)

Social participation

0.76

(0.31-1.87)

0.53 *

(0.28-0.99)

Role in social participation

0.81

(0.60-1.10)

0.57 *

(0.37-0.88)

Social participation * Role

0.32 †

(0.09-1.16)

0.34

(0.06-1.81)

Individual × Neighborhood a

Social participation * Role * Primary industry

0.28 ***

(0.16-0.50)

0.68

(0.16-2.89)

Random Effect

Variance

Variance

Component

Component

Intercept

0.01

0.01

Individual-level n

1541

1187

Neighborhood-level n

31

31

  1. Note: ***p <.001, **p < .01, *p < .05, †p < .10.
  2. a Social participation and role are individual-level variables, and primary industry is a neighborhood-level variable.