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Table 2 Summary of environment variables

From: Urban built environment configuration and psychological distress in older men: Results from the Caerphilly study

Environmental variables

Mean (SD)

Range

Built environment morphometrics

  

Dwelling level variables a

  

 Dwelling centred density (within 30 m radius)

14.29 (6.64)

1 – 40

 Dwelling types; N (%) Detached

156 (22.70)

 

 Semi- detached

299 (43.52)

 

 Terraced

176 (25.63)

 

 Flats

56 (8.15)

 

 Plot exposure; N (%) No building fonts exposed to public space

76 (11.06)

 

 One building fonts exposed to public space

471 (68.56)

 

 More than one building fonts exposed to public space

140 (20.38)

 

Land use configuration (within 1 km street network buffer)b

  

 Land use mix

0.14 (0.03)

0.03 – 0.21

 Density of bus stops

23.96 (6.00)

7.66 – 50.46

 Density of retail

26.92 (27.58)

1.40 – 140.7

 Density of community services

14.36 (9.93)

1.00 – 50.95

 Density of recreation & leisure facilities

12.91 (5.11)

2.12 – 34.49

 Density of business & offices

30.69 (32.76)

0.87 – 130.53

Physical accessibility of streets (measured for each street segment at varying radii)c

  

 Street movement potential R1200 m

2.40 (0.17)

1.76 – 2.82

 Street movement potential R3000 m

3.01 (0.21)

2.40 – 3.54

 Street movement potential RNm (all networks segments)

3.63 (0.20)

2.92 – 4.29

 Connectivity

3.13 (0.19)

2.66 – 3.65

Natural environment

  

Topography (variability of slope within 1 km street network buffer)d

  

 Neighbourhood slope variability (mean)

3.31

0.99 – 8.04

Greenness (within 500 m airline buffer of dwelling)e

  

 Mean NDVI

0.091

−0.06 – 0.33

Area-level deprivation

  

 WIMD −2005 (within census defined lower super output areas)f

  

 Income domain

24.05 (19.78)

0.34 – 90.32

 Employment domain

25.73 (19.14)

1.00 – 95.02

 Health domain

25.64 (15.71)

1.70 – 72.3

 Education domain

25.82 (16.95)

0.59 – 62.32

 Housing domain

10.91 (7.44)

0.19 – 27.23

 Physical domain

19.11 (14.63)

1.61 – 65.4

  1. aDwelling level data extracted from Ordnance Survey Address Layer 2.
  2. bLand use data was extracted from Ordnance Survey Address Layer 2.
  3. c Street network was extracted from Ordnance Survey Integrated Transport Network Layer, transformed and subjected to space syntax analysis in Confeego. Measured for each street segment at varying radii of capture the effect of multiple urban scales: regional/city scale (N, 3000 m), and local/walking distance scale (1200 m). Thereafter, connectivity and street movement potential were aggregated at the level of a 1 km street network buffer.
  4. dSlope raster was processed from the BlueSky 5 metre resolution DTM). Measured as the standard deviation of slope in degrees within 1 km street network buffer.
  5. eGreenness was measured as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the 30 m Landsat data.
  6. fArea-level deprivation was expressed in terms of the six domain indices of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, aggregated at the small area level of LSOAs.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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