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Table 10 Biomarkers in blood

From: A single-blinded, single-centre, controlled study in healthy adult smokers to identify the effects of a reduced toxicant prototype cigarette on biomarkers of exposure and of biological effect versus commercial cigarettes

Biomarker

Collection tube volume and type

Matrix

2-cyanoethylvaline

2 × 4.9 mL EDTA

Erythrocytes

4-ABP Hb adduct

2 × 4.9 mL EDTA

Erythrocytes

IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-a, VEGF, MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, ox LDL, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase activity, catalase activity, Hb (lysate)

1 × 9 mL EDTA

Plasma, lysate

Total antioxidant capacity

1 × 4.7 mL serum

Serum

Ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid

1 × 7.5 mL EDTA

Plasma

Neutrophil elastase, fibrinogen

1 × 5 mL citrate

Plasma

Hb (lysate), malondialdehyde

1 × 7.5 mL li-heparin

Lysate, cell pellet

sICAM-1

1 × 4 mL EDTA

Plasma

hsCRP (males)

1 × 8.5 mL serum

Serum

Lipid Profile

1 × 8.5 mL serum

Serum

LTB4

1 × 4 mL li-heparin

Plasma

White blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, haemoglobin

1 × 2.7 mL EDTA

Plasma

Gene expression

2.5 mL × 2 Paxgene

Plasma

  1. 4-ABP Hb adduct, 4-aminobiphenyl haemoglobin adduct. IL-6, interleukin-6. IL-8, interleukin-8.
  2. MCP-1, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1. TNF-a, Tumor necrosis factor alpha.
  3. VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. MMP, Matrix Metalloproteinase.
  4. TIMP-1, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. ox LDL, oxidised low density lipoprotein.
  5. Hb, Haemoglobin. sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule. hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.
  6. LTB4, Leukotriene B4. EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.